The olive tree (Olea europaea L.) is among the oldest and most widespread crops in Mediterranean basin. Portugal third producer European Union, Trás-os-Montes region, located northeastern Portugal, second Portuguese producing region. moth, Prays oleae (Bernard) (Lepidoptera: Praydidae) a key pest Trás-os-Montes. This natural host/prey of several organisms which include larvae generalist special...

The brown marmorated stink bug Halyomorpha halys is an invasive agricultural pest with a worldwide distribution. Classical biological control has been identified as the most promising method to reduce populations of H. halys. Adventive two candidates for releases, Trissolcus japonicus and mitsukurii, have recently detected in Europe. To assess their distribution abundance, large-scale survey wa...

The success of maternally transmitted endosymbiotic bacteria, such as Wolbachia, is directly linked to their host reproduction but in direct conflict with other parasites that kill the host before it reaches reproductive maturity. Therefore, symbionts that have evolved strategies to increase their host's ability to evade lethal parasites may have high penetrance, while detrimental symbionts wou...

During their larval development, endoparasitoids are known to dispose of host resources in several different ways. Some parasitoid wasps consume most or all tissues of the host, whereas others consume a small fraction of host resources and either ensure that the hostmoves away from the pupation site or allow the host to remain close to the parasitoid cocoon(s). Using a single host species, Myth...