Americani. The Jensen (genetic) positioin on racial (lifferences in intelligence is well alnswered l)y PettigTew's consi(leration of environmental influences on intelligence ancl iintelligence testing (even tlhotuglh Pettigrew's article precdates the Jenseni controversy). Also consi(lere(d by Pettigrew is the social (lefinition of mental illness andl the impact of social class in creating al)pl...

N Engl M Med 2004;350:1320-7. Copyright © 2004 Massachusetts Medical Society. A 28-year-old man presents with a two-year history of increasing dyspnea on strenuous exertion and is found to have hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, with a septal thickness of 23 mm and a left ventricular outflow gradient of 80 mm Hg. There is no family history of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy or sudden death. Forty-eight-h...

Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy is an inherited myocardial disease defined by cardiac hypertrophy (wall thickness ≥15 mm) that is not explained by abnormal loading conditions, and left ventricular obstruction greater than or equal to 30 mm Hg. Typical symptoms include dyspnoea, chest pain, palpitations, and syncope. The diagnosis is usually suspected on clinical examination and confirme...

H ypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a common, yet challenging condition for clinical management. The majority of these patients have evidence of left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction that may be asymptomatic or associated with debilitating symptoms of heart failure. In this report, we discuss the clinical presentation, appropriate evaluation, and management of a patient with sympt...

In patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy obstruction to left ventricular ejection varies from moment to moment. The pressure gradient can be increased by amyl nitrite, which lowers peripheral resistance (Braunwald and Ebert, 1962; Wigle et al., 1965 ; Hancock and Fowkes, 1966), or can be reduced or abolished by systemic vasoconstriction with phenylephrine, methoxamine, or angiot...

Right ventricular (RV) hypertrophy is common in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), and is associated with more severe disease. Conventional surgical strategies such as the traditional Morrow procedure pose a particularly high risk to patients with severe hypertrophy and RV obstruction, for whom the most appropriate therapeutic approach has not yet been established. We have propose...

1. The aim of this study was to elucidate the pathophysiological role of adrenomedullin and the relation between adrenomedullin and other hormones in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. 2. Fourteen patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM), 26 patients with hypertrophic non-obstructive cardiomyopathy (HNCM) and 14 normal control subjects participated in this study. Rad...

Stress cardiomyopathy is an acquired cardiomyopathy of unknown aetiology. It usually occurs in women over the age of 70 who have experienced physical or emotional stress. It is most commonly characterised by a transient, left ventricular systolic dysfunction in the apical portion and hyperkinesia in the basal segments, without obstructive coronary artery disease. Its association with obstructiv...