OBJECTIVE To determine the frequency of metabolic abnormalities in the serum and urine of patients with urinary stones disease. METHODS Two hundred patients with either multiple or recurrent urolithiasis diagnosed on ultrasonography and intravenous urography were included in this study. 24 hour urine sample were collected from each patient and sent for PH, specific gravity, Creatinine, uric a...

The earliest reports on urolithiasis in Iranian children in 1980s revealed calcium oxalate and ammonium acid urate were the most common components of urinary calculi.1-3 Since then there have been increasing numbers of published studies about the risk factors of urolithiasis in Iranian children. A cross-sectional study conducted by Akhavan and coworkers4 showed the incidence of urinary calculi ...

We report the case of a female patient with incomplete distal renal tubular acidosis with nephrocalcinosis. She was admitted to the hospital because of acute pyelonephritis. Imaging studies showed dual medullary nephrocalcinosis. Subsequent evaluations revealed hypokalemia, hypocalcemia, hypercalciuria, and hypocitraturia with normal acid-base status. A modified tubular acidification test with ...

Renal tubular acidosis type 1, also called distal renal tubular acidosis, is characterized by hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis, hypokalemia, hypercalciuria, hypocitraturia, and low urinary NH4. Its etiology is variable and includes sporadic, hereditary, and acquired forms. It should be differentiated from other forms of RTA and other causes of metabolic acidosis. Long-term alkali therapy is th...

INTRODUCTION Medullary sponge kidney is a congenital anomaly characterized by diffuse ectasy of the collecting tubules of one or both kidneys. It is usually diagnosed in the second or third decade of life. CASE PRESENTATION Distal renal tubular acidosis is commonly observed in patients with medullary sponge kidney. We describe here a 50-day-old Egyptian Caucasian girl with medullary sponge ki...

We describe the case of a patient with calcium oxalate monohydrate and calcium oxalate dihydrate calculi occluded in cavities. All those calculi were located inside narrow cavities covered with a thin epithelium that permits their visualization. Urinary biochemical analysis showed high calciuria, not hypercalciuria, hypocitraturia, and a ratio [calcium]/[citrate] >0.33. The existence of cavitie...