The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of inquiry-based computer simulation with heterogeneous-ability cooperative learning (HACL) and inquiry-based computer simulation with friendship cooperative learning (FCL) on (a) scientific reasoning (SR) and (b) conceptual understanding (CU) among Form Four students in Malaysian Smart Schools. The study further investigated the effects o...

We present a novel method for interleaving planning with execution, called iterative deepening in hypotheticals. The method consists of performing an iterative deepening search in the space of partially ordered hypothetical plans. Hypothetical plans are partial plans in which the achievement of an otherwise unachievable goal may be conditioned on certain outcomes of sensing. This approach has b...

This application note will benefit chemical and material manufacturers concerned about micron and submicron par ticle contamination. Outliers are a common problem in many industrial applications. Outliers can be defined as particles that are significantly larger or smaller than the main particle size distribution, but which occur in a much lower frequency than the main par ticle size. As a simp...

There is increasing evidence suggesting a discrepancy between the cosmic dipole observed in number count of distant galaxies and one derived from microwave background (CMB). In this study, we investigate possibility that problem can be addressed by considering QCD axion, hypothetical particle arises spontaneous breaking Peccei-Quinn symmetry postulated to constitute dark matter our universe.

The construction site layout (CSL) design presents a particularly interesting area of study because of its relatively high level of attention to usability qualities, in addition to common engineering objectives such as cost and performance. However, it is difficult combinatorial optimization problem for engineers. Swarm intelligence (SI) was very popular and widely used in many complex optimiza...

Intelligence analysis is the process of reasoning about information in order to produce hypothetical explanations for a situation. In this process, it is fundamental to assess how, when, and where this information has been elaborated. A model of provenance can capture this contextual information. Provenance data inevitably affects the identification of plausible conclusions, thus, it must be in...