S u m m a r y In contrast to most cytokines, interleukin 4 (II_,4) expression is restricted to T lymphocytes, with the exception of mast cell lines and mast cells, as more recently demonstrated in rodents. Little is known, however, about the capacity of human nonlymphoid cells to produce I1,4. In this study we show that mature human basophils are capable of expressing I1-4 and examine the regul...

Co(II), which induces the assembly of tubulin in the absence of associated proteins, binds to multiple sites on the protein in a low ionic strength medium. However, in the presence of concentrations of buffer and GTP used in assembly reactions, the number of sites occupied by Co(I1) is drastically reduced. At GTP and Co(I1) concentrations where the major polymerized products are broad sheets of...

The three invariants of C are key to expressing this tensor and its inverse as a polynomial in C. Simple and symmetric expressions are presented connecting the two sets of invariants {I1, I2, I3} and {i1, i2, i3} of C and C, respectively. The first result is a bivariate function relating I1, I2 to i1, i2. The functional form of i1 is the same as that of i2 when the roles of the C-invariants are...

S u m m a r y In contrast to most cytokines, interleukin 4 (II_,4) expression is restricted to T lymphocytes, with the exception of mast cell lines and mast cells, as more recently demonstrated in rodents. Little is known, however, about the capacity of human nonlymphoid cells to produce I1,4. In this study we show that mature human basophils are capable of expressing I1-4 and examine the regul...

When a number of metal ions were tested as activators over a lOO-fold range of metal ion concentration (0.01 to 1.0 mM), aconitase was specifically activated by Fe(II). Manganese(I1) does not activate aconitase but binds to the enzyme, as shown indirectly by inhibition of the enzyme activation by Fe(I1) and directly by electron paramagnetic resonance. A titration of the enzyme with Mn(I1) may b...

When a number of metal ions were tested as activators over a lOO-fold range of metal ion concentration (0.01 to 1.0 mM), aconitase was specifically activated by Fe(II). Manganese(I1) does not activate aconitase but binds to the enzyme, as shown indirectly by inhibition of the enzyme activation by Fe(I1) and directly by electron paramagnetic resonance. A titration of the enzyme with Mn(I1) may b...

and optical properties of rabbit muscle pyruvate kinase activated with Co(II), Ni(II), Mg(II), and Mn(I1) were studied. The stoichiometry of metal binding to enzyme was found to be 4 metal ions per tetrameric enzyme for Co(I1) and Ni(I1) by carrying out circular dichroic titrations. Cu(I1) and Fe(I1) were inactive. Ca(I1) and Zn(I1) were not activating, and were inhibitory with respect to all o...

We investigate in this paper the global behavior of the following difference equation: xn+1 = (Pk(xn i0 ,xn i1 , . . . ,xn i2k ) + b)/(Qk(xn i0 ,xn i1 , . . . ,xn i2k ) + b), n = 0,1, . . ., under appropriate assumptions, where b [0, ), k 1, i0, i1, . . . , i2k 0,1, . . . with i0 < i1 < < i2k, the initial conditions xi 2k ,xi 2k+1, . . . ,x0 (0, ). We prove that unique equilibrium x = 1 of that...

Our goal is to understand the assembly and regulation of flagellar dyneins, particularly the Chlamydomonas inner arm dynein called I1 dynein. Here, we focus on the uncharacterized I1-dynein IC IC97. The IC97 gene encodes a novel IC without notable structural domains. IC97 shares homology with the murine lung adenoma susceptibility 1 (Las1) protein--a candidate tumor suppressor gene implicated i...

To understand the mechanisms that regulate the assembly and activity of flagellar dyneins, we focused on the I1 inner arm dynein (dynein f) and a null allele, bop5-2, defective in the gene encoding the IC138 phosphoprotein subunit. I1 dynein assembles in bop5-2 axonemes but lacks at least four subunits: IC138, IC97, LC7b, and flagellar-associated protein (FAP) 120--defining a new I1 subcomplex....