Papillomaviruses are a group of DNA viruses belonging to the Papillomavirida family. These provoke pathological conditions manifesting with inflammation, exophytic masses, carcinogenesis, reproductive and perinatal disorders. Immune status is an essential factor de-termining severity duration inflammatory diseases, course latent viral infections, including papillomavirus infection (PVI). The hu...

Previously, it was believed that type III interferon (IFN-III) has functions similar to those of I (IFN-I). However, recently, emerging findings have increasingly indicated the non-redundant role IFN-III in innate antiviral immune responses. Still, regulatory activity adaptive response not been clearly reported yet due low expression receptors on most cells. In present study, we reviewed adjuva...

To explore the role of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and interferon (IFN) in innate immunity against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), we detected expression TLR genes PEDV-infected IPEC-J2 cells by real-time PCR. We also level α (IFN-α) γ (IFN-γ) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results showed that exhibited a clear pathological change after PEDV infection at 24 h. In addition, TL...

Abstract Cryptosporidium species are intracellular parasites that infect intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) and the rapid cycle of growth, cell lysis reinfection every 12 hours can cause severe enteric disease in young or immunocompromised patients. Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) has a crucial role protective immunity mice with an IEC-specific deletion IFN-γ receptor (IFN-γR ΔIEC) highly susceptible to in...

As the sentinels of innate and adaptive immune system, dendritic cells (DCs) have been considered to hold a great promise for medical application. Among diverse types DCs, monocyte-derived DCs (mo-DCs) generated in vitro most commonly employed. We improving culture protocol devised produce mature interferon-α-induced (IFN-DCs), hereinafter called (mat)IFN-DCs. While exploring relationship betwe...

Background: Dendritic cells (DC) are a key regulator of the immune response, and interferon- beta (IFN-β) is considered an immunomodulatory molecule for DC. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of IFN-β treated DC to induce cytokine secretion by CD4+ T cells. Methods: Dendritic cells were generated from blood monocytes with granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating fac...

Interferons (IFN) are cytokines which, upon binding to cell surface receptors, trigger a series of downstream biochemical events including Janus Kinase (JAK) activation, phosphorylation Signal Transducer and Activator Transcription protein (STAT), translocation pSTAT the nucleus transcriptional activation. Dysregulated IFN signalling has been linked cancer progression auto-immune diseases. Here...