Despite the increasing interest and use of NAC over decades, there remains much debate surrounding NAC’s mechanisms action. It was widely believed that exerts its antioxidant cytoprotective properties through ability to act as a scavenger reactive oxygen species, precursor for glutathione biosynthesis, disulfide reductant. However, these three major narratives are only applicable under specific...

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotential nonhematopoietic progenitor cells capable of differentiating into multiple lineages of the mesenchyme. MSCs have emerged as a promising therapeutic modality for tissue regeneration and repair. Further clinical interest has been raised by the observation that MSCs are immunoprivileged and, more importantly, display immunomodulatory capacities. Alt...

The current study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation with a lyophilized powder made from plums (P) on host protective immune responses against avian coccidiosis, the most economically important parasitic disease of poultry. One-day-old White Leghorn chickens were fed from the time of hatch with a standard diet either without P (control and P 0 groups) or supplemente...

Macrolides are a group of antibiotics whose activity is ascribable to the presence of the macrolide ring, a large macrocyclic lactone ring, to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. The most commonly used macrolides have 14 (e.g. erythromycin, clarithromycin, roxithromycin) or 15 (e.g. azithromycin) atoms attached to their macrocyclic ring and therefo...

Host defence peptides are a conserved component of the innate immune response in all complex life forms. In humans, the major classes of host defence peptides include the alpha- and beta-defensins and the cathelicidin, hCAP-18/LL-37. These peptides are expressed in the granules of neutrophils and by a wide variety of tissue types. They have many roles in the immune response including both indir...

background: salvia mirzayanii, a native plant to iran, is shown to have immunomodulatory effects on lymphocyte proliferation. objective: to identify the bioactive immunomodulatory compound(s) present in s. mirzayanii. methods: the crude extract was fractionated to five fractions in two steps using different solvents. the fractions were subjected to bioassay-guided fractionation. all the fractio...

stem cell research has obtained much prominence in recent years for its therapeutic potential in dealing with serious diseases, many of which are essentially incurable by routine therapies. mesenchymal stem cells with pluripotency and immunomodulatory properties are suitable candidates for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. today, nanofibrous scaffolds are widely used in tissue engin...