We discuss and review literature on the macroeconomic effects of epidemics pandemics since late twentieth century. First, we cover role health in driving economic growth well-being standard frameworks for assessing burden infectious diseases. Second, sketch a general theoretical framework to evaluate trade-offs policy makers must consider when addressing diseases their repercussions. In so doin...

The risk response development is one of the main phases in the project risk management that has major impacts on a large-scale project’s success. Since projects are unique, and risks are dynamic through the life of the projects, it is necessary to formulate responses of the important risks. Conventional approaches tend to be less effective in dealing with the imprecise of the risk response deve...

An analytical approach is presented to assess the response of offshore structures under seismic excitation. This paper evaluates the impacts of different fluid field models and the mass of equipment at the top of offshore structure which is simulated as lumped mass on the responses of offshore structures. To do this, two and three dimensional fluid field models are developed. In three dimension...

the aim of this study is to evaluate the obstacles due to a dpsir model combined with fuzzy analytic hierarchy process technique. hence, to prioritize the responses regarding the driving forces, pressures, states and impacts, the hierarchy of the model is established. evaluations and prioritization of model results of urban transport situation in tehran have provided a number of necessary issue...