In real life situation, advance technologies are used to produce items but due some technical error imperfect produced. Therefore it is necessary separate these by complete screening process and such sold at discounted price the end of process. This paper study about EOQ model for with shortage zero lead time. Additionally, provides a reduce emissions including carbon cap, tax, cap offset price...

This paper proposes another realistic application of the economic order quantity EOQ model. Researchers have studied EOQ models that assume the received lot contains items that are perfect and imperfect. All models in the literature assume that the received lot goes through a 100% inspection to separate acceptable items from the non-acceptable items. This paper argues that 100% inspection is no...

Inventory models with imperfect quality items are studied by researchers in past two decades. Till now none of them have considered the effect of substitutions to cope up with shortage and avoid lost sales. This paper presents an EOQ approach for inventory system with shortages and two types of products with imperfect quality by one way substitution. Our model provides significant advantage for...

We develop a model to determine an integrated vendor-buyer inventory policy for items with imperfect quality and planned backorders. The production process is imperfect and produces a certain number of defective items with a known probability density function. The vendor delivers the items to the buyer in small lots of equally sized shipments. Upon receipt of the items, the buyer will conduct a...

EPQ model; Replenishment lot size; Multiple deliveries; Random defective items; Production; Rework; Scrap items. Abstract This paper derives the optimal replenishment lot size and shipment policy for an Economic Production Quantity (EPQ) model with multiple deliveries and rework of random defective items. The classic EPQmodel assumes a continuous inventory issuing policy for satisfying demand a...

Imperfect quality items are unavoidable in an inventory system due to imperfect production process, natural disasters, damages, or many other reasons. The setup cost and production cycle time can be related in terms of process deterioration and learning and forgetting effects. Learning reduces production run length and setup cost, whereas deterioration and forgetting increases both. Keeping the...

This paper focuses on an inventory model considering imperfect manufacturing and re-manufacturing system under single management. In manufacturing system, the items are produced from original raw materials but in re-manufacturing process, returned and defective items produced in previous manufacturing process are the raw materials. Both the production system shift from ‘ in control state ‘ to ‘...