islam is regarded to pay attention to the characteristics of urban life which can be practiced on the urban settings. not surprisingly, islam has made a great focus on the form and design of cities and prescribed detailed and elaborate regulations for individual and communal life. seen from other way round, the penetration of islam into various regions such as iran, europe, and africa had an un...

With an emphasis on its prominent historical points, this article attempts to take a fresh look at the evolution of political thought in Islam and Iran. This review attempts to identify the milestones of the history of political thought in Iran and in particular, in the Islamic world. By identifying them, the impact of each of the ideas of urban Iran, Sunni Islam, Shiite Islam, the Greek and th...

This work essentially represents two parts of a whole. Part one is a medical chronology and the reader is taken on an odyssey, as we chart the evolution of medicine from prehistoric times, through the ancient world, the middle ages, and into our modern world. Goddard writes with impressive authority, and reveals a deep love for learning, not just about medicine, but civilization. The author als...

prose writing was a popular practice in pre-islamic period as well as in islamic one but arabic prose matured in islamic period, so that, underlay islamic civilization and the influence of the holy quran, it was gradually changed and lost some of its primitive qualities. the changes are related not only to these of a new vocabulary and structure but of the content،subject matter and the ways of...

A civilization constitutes a durable social system of complementary traits. Some of the complementarities of any given civilization are between elements of “material” life and ones commonly treated as integral to “culture.” Identifying the mechanisms responsible for a civilization’s observed trajectory involves, therefore, causal relationships that cross the often-postulated “cultural–material”...