Locomoting cells are characterized by a pronounced external and internal anterior-posterior polarity. One of the events associated with cell polarization at the onset of locomotion is a shift of the centrosome, or MTOC, ahead of the nucleus. This position is believed to be of strategic importance for directional cell movement and cell polarity. We have used BSC-1 cells at the edge of an in vitr...

Factors that influence the orientation of the mitotic spindle are important for the maintenance of stem cell populations and in cancer development. However, screening for these factors requires rapid quantification of alterations of the angle of the mitotic spindle in cultured cell lines. Here we describe a method to image mitotic cells and rapidly score the angle of the mitotic spindle using a...

Orientation of the cell division axis is essential for the correct development and maintenance of tissue morphology, both for symmetric cell divisions and for the asymmetric distribution of fate determinants during, for example, stem cell divisions. Oriented cell division depends on the positioning of the mitotic spindle relative to an axis of polarity. Recent studies have illuminated an expand...

In several migratory cells, the microtubule-organizing center (MTOC) is repositioned between the leading edge and nucleus, creating a polarized morphology. Although our understanding of polarization has progressed as a result of various scratch-wound and cell migration studies, variations in culture conditions required for such assays have prevented a unified understanding of the intricacies of...

This study analyzes the relationship between the segregation of women across establishments and the salaries paid to men and women. My aim is to separate the impact the proportion of women working within an establishment has upon individual wages. For this purpose hypotheses are formulated as to what drives this impact: sex-specific preferences, lower qualifications among women or discriminatio...

Determinants of plant establishment and invasion are a key issue in ecology and evolution. Although establishment success varies substantially among species, the importance of species traits and extrinsic factors as determinants of establishment in existing communities has remained difficult to prove in observational studies because they can be confounded and mask each other. Therefore, we cond...

For neuro-oncologists, much was accomplished in the last decade, including the establishment of the first standard of care (SOC) in this field of oncology. New treatment options boosted research in the whole field of neuro-oncology, as well clinical trials, translational and basic research. Accumulated data on molecular-genetic subgroups with distinct clinical outcomes in disease entities led t...

Third-generation HF Automatic Link Establishment (ALE) achieves order-of-magnitude improvements over second-generation ALE in linking speed, network size, and traffic capacity. In this paper we examine the individual contributions to this performance by several of the techniques standardized in the third generation, including synchronous operation, dwell groups, and separate calling and traffic...

A framework is described in which designs for key establishment protocols may be described at a high level of abstraction. This enables protocols to be designed without concern for implementation details , while emphasising the fundamentals elements required. Consideration of the natural alternatives leads to the deenition of four fundamental classes of key establishment protocols into one of w...

in order to evaluate a better sowing date of chickpea cultivars in dry land conditions, a factorial experiment in randomized complete block design with four replications was carried out at research station of bahar (hamadan province) during 2005-2006 cropping season. two planting time included winter and spring and four chickpea cultivars (cvs.) including one local (check) and three improved cv...