1 Nowadays, road transportation sector is responsible for a considerable amount of the total energy 2 consumption, also contributing to about 20-30% of the total man-made CO2 emissions 3 worldwide. 4 In metropolitan areas, the problem is compounded by the effect of traffic congestion. 5 Transport models, online route planners, and the latest versions of on-board navigators do take 6 into accoun...

For several decades growth of traffic volumes has outstripped investments in road infrastructure. The result has been a relentless increase in traffic congestion. This paper reviews the economic principles behind congestion pricing in static and dynamic settings, which derive from the benefits of charging travellers for the externalities they create. Special attention is paid to various complic...

Stop and go traffic that leads to oscillate traffic flow frequently is observed on congestion flow. Unexpected reasons such as lane – changing maneuvers, lower speeds of leader vehicle and moving bottleneck cause stop and go traffic and amplifying delay and environment impacts. Stop and go traffic exactly can’t be modeled by traffic models, and also car following models based on kinematic flow ...

A dynamic detour scheme for intelligent transportation systems (ITSs) to avoid traffic congestion is proposed in this paper. When running into traffic congestion, vehicles usually can do nothing but waiting. The proposed scheme can prevent driver suffer from traffic congestion by balancing traffic flows with nhop notices method and experience-support method. Congestive information can be receiv...

Traffic congestion has become a serious problem that arises in our cities; this is due to rapid population growth, the rapid increase in the number of cars. Therefore, there is an infernal traffic jams. It is in this light, it is imperative to eliminate or at least reduce traffic congestion through the adoption of the policy of ITS (intelligent transport systems). The objective of this paper is...

The problem of traffic management has been widely recognized as critical to the development of an operational Internet. The goal of traffic management is to efficiently allocated network resources including buffers and bandwidth and provides the negotiated QoS guarantees to users. Rate based Congestion control schemes promises effective traffic management for the ABR service class suitable to d...

TCP trunking is a novel way of applying TCP congestion control to bandwidth management of aggregate traffic. This is accomplished by setting up a separate TCP connection to probe network congestion, and then using the TCP connection’s congestion control to regulate the bandwidth usage of the aggregate traffic. TCP trunking offers several advantages in managing bandwidth of aggregate traffic. It...