This paper presents the nutritional status of the elderly Brazilian population (60 years and older) based on a probabilistic sample survey in 1989. Nutritional assessment used the BMI (kg/m2), with cut-off points recommended by the WHO (1995). Socio-demographic variables included age, gender, region and place of residence in the country (urban/rural area), income, education, and housing conditi...

INTRODUCTION As in many other countries, Australian consumers have recently had to accommodate increases in costs of basic food, and during the financial year 2007-2008 overall food prices rose by nearly 4%. Food costs are mediating factors in food choice, especially for low-income groups, where food security is often tenuous. There are reports that rural populations may have higher levels of f...

This study makes an integrated investigation of how subjective well-being is associated with income, personal concerns, and societal evaluations and how these social and psychological correlates of subjective well-being are contextualized within a country. Data used for the empirical analysis come from a nationally representative sample survey conducted in China in 2009. It is found that subjec...

The Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study is an investigator initiated programme to assess the health of more than 600 communities selected from 17 countries. Three high-income countries, seven middle-income and seven low-income countries are taking part. As the name suggests, PURE also looks at differences between rural and urban communities. It’s a massive undertaking which is sta...

OBJECTIVES There is a shortage of doctors working in rural areas all over the world, especially in low-income and middle-income countries. The choice to practise medicine in a rural area is influenced by many factors. Motivation developed as a medical student is one key determinant of this choice. This study explores influences on medical students' motivation to practise in rural areas of low-i...

BACKGROUND The entire population of Mongolia has free access to primary health care, which is fully funded by the government. It is provided by family health centers in urban settings. In rural areas, it is included in outpatient and inpatient services offered by rural soum (district) health centers. However, primary health care utilization differs across population groups. The aim of this stud...

Diversity in rural incomes Although the agricultural sector has tended to receive most policy attention in rural areas, the rural poor derive their income from multiple sources – even in relatively undiversified economies. Notwithstanding problems with data reliability and comparability, there is growing evidence that, in sub-Saharan Africa, rural households commonly depend on non-farm sources ...

A quantity adjustment framework is used to analyze unemployment and underemployment in less developed countries (LDCs). The basic premise of the formal theoretical model presented is that the same kinds of forces that explain the choices of workers between the rural and urban sectors can also explain thier choices between 1 labor market and another within an urban area and are most likely made...

The past decade has seen a number of studies of how the poverty incidence (the percentage of families below the poverty line) of certain demographic groups changes in response to economic growth. In the pre!3ent study, the responsiveness of family income to regional economic growth is examined for a sample of rural and rural poor Wisconsin families with nonaged, nQndisabled heads. Ordinary leas...

Migration, Self-Selection, and Income Distributions: Evidence from Rural and Urban China As massive rural residents leave their home countryside for better employment, migration has profound effects on income distributions such as rural-urban income gap and inequalities within rural or urban areas. The nature of the effects depends crucially on who are migrating and their migrating patterns. In...