2011 The views expressed in this working paper are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views or policy of the International Energy Agency (IEA) Secretariat or of its individual member countries. This paper is a work in progress, designed to elicit comments and further debate; thus, comments are welcome, The International Energy Agency (IEA), an autonomous agency, was establis...

Interactive Evolutionary Algorithms (IEAs) are a powerful explorative search technique that utilizes human input to make subjective decisions on potential problem solutions. But humans are much slower than computers and get bored and tired easily, limiting the usefulness of IEAs. Here two variations of a user-modeling approach are compared to determine if this approach can accelerate IEA search...

The traditional approach in analysing IEA data has been to use single-level statistical models. This paper argues that multilevel modelling offers a wider spectrum in analysing IEA data because of multi-stage sampling, since students are nested within classes, classes within schools, and schools within countries. Two illustrative examples are used to provide support to this argument. In the fir...

Abstract The advice the International Council for Exploration of Sea (ICES) provides to its member countries is crucial sustainable management shared marine resources, and conservation relevant ecosystems. In 2014, ICES made a strategic decision integrate social sciences in new type assessment framework called “integrated ecosystem assessments” (IEA) deliver on societal trade-offs between diffe...

many old damaged and undamaged building structures do not meet the criteria of modern seismic design codes. such structures need to be seismically enhanced. the main objective of this paper is to propose and validate the effectiveness of an upgrade scheme for non-seismic buildings using steel plate shear walls (spsw). the upgrade is carried out considering a probability-based drift-based criter...

We present a system that generates multimodal route descriptions for computer assisted vehicle navigation.1 The presentation modes available in Vitra Guide are natural language, maps and perspective views. Depending on situationspecific constraints, e.g., fully specifed route descriptions for pre-trip planning or incremental route descriptions during driving, Vitra Guide allows the coordinated ...