Current approaches of measuring vulnerability to natural hazards generally use a rather static perspective that focuses on a single point in time—often before a hazardous event occurs. In contrast, the paper argues that vulnerability assessment should also take into account the changing dynamics during and after a disaster. This paper provides a comparative analysis of the situation in Sri Lank...

continuous and lengthy droughts in previous years not only in the southern provinces of iran but also in the whole country necessitate optimized water management. indian ocean and adjacent seas in south of iran are suppliers of part of the humidity in the region and the variation on indian ocean sea surface temperature has an important role in evaporation from oceans and input humidity into atm...

The Makran coast is extremely vulnerable to tsunamis and earthquakes due to the presence of three very active tectonic plates namely, the Arabian, Eurasian and Indian plates. On 28 November 1945 at 21:56 UTC, a massive Makran earthquake generated a destructive tsunami in the Northern Arabian Sea and the Indian Ocean. The tsunami was responsible for loss of life and great destruction along the c...

The tsunami information, i.e. the sea level elevation, presents useful features that can be used for different case studies. It can be derived from observations, e.g. tide gages records or anomaly of sea level obtained with altimeters, but also through numerical modeling of the tsunami propagation. Once a robust numerical simulation is performed, the wave sequence, compared to available hydrody...

Indian Ocean is the home to rare flora and fauna that act as the bio-shield to many coastal communities. Indian Ocean experienced the world’s most deadly natural disaster “Tsunami” on 26 December, 2004, which on one hand is unparallel in the history considering its magnitude and devastation and on the other hand, caused an unprecedented impact on the aqua and aqua terrestrial ecosystems. One of...

In the Maldives, although there were fewer fatalities compared with other countries in the Indian Ocean that were affected by the tsunami, there was widespread damage to housing and infrastructure. As a result, 14 islands out of the 200 inhabited islands were made completely uninhabitable. Approximately 5% of the population was displaced, a quarter of the tourist resorts were closed, and 8% of ...

The well-balanced, positivity-preserving scheme of Audusse et al, 2004, for the solution of the Saint-Venant equations with wetting and drying, is generalised to an adaptive quadtree spatial discretisation. The scheme is validated using an analytical solution for the oscillation of a fluid in a parabolic container, as well as the classic Monai tsunami laboratory benchmark. An efficient database...

NGOs are widely perceived to raise their flag in humanitarian hot-spots with strong media presence in order to attract higher private donations. We assess this hypothesis by comparing the changes in donations between US-based NGOs with and without activities in the four countries most affected by the tsunami in the Indian Ocean in 2004. Performing a difference-in-difference-in-differences (DDD)...

Survivors of the December 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami sustained a variety of wound infections, ranging from common pathogens to rarely seen organisms. This article discusses the likely microbiology potentially seen in wound infections with exposure to freshwater, seawater, soil, faecal or other contamination, and attempts to provide an organising framework for choosing empiric antibiotics for suc...