The ostensive model assumes that a user’s information need is dynamic and developing, thus, a recently accessed object can be seen as more indicative to the current information need. The model has been proved to be effective in image retrieval. This paper investigates the effectiveness of an ostensive model applied to web retrieval, where query-biased sentences are used to implicitly capture an...

In this paper we present a new approach to evaluate indicative conditionals with respect to some background information specified by a logic program. Because the weak completion of a logic program admits a least model under the three-valued Lukasiewicz semantics and this semantics has been successfully applied to other human reasoning tasks, conditionals are evaluated under these least L-models...

The paper combines the Fujisaki commandresponse model and the ToBI convention to analyze the English sentence prosody produced by American native speakers and Korean and Chinese English learners. The model parameters were extracted by FujiParaEditor for nine short sentences produced by three groups of speakers. The ToBI-tanscribed results were compared with the model parameters. Results show th...

the study of the sentence and its divisions has been always a cause of difference in syntactical viewpoints among the ancient and modern arab grammarians. ibn hesham sees three divisions for the arabic sentence: the noun sentence, the verb sentence and the adverb sentence. the adverb sentence in his view is that in which a time or place adverb or a prepositional phrase is the predicate proceede...

Indicative conditionals sometimes communicate that the consequent would follow causally or evidentially from the antecedent, and sometimes that it holds independently of the antecedent. On all standard accounts of indicatives, however, such relations of consequence and independence fall outside the content of conditionals. Instead, they are inferred pragmatically from the fact that a sentence w...