BACKGROUND Appropriate management of anxiety disorders in primary care requires clinical assessment and monitoring of the severity of the anxiety. This study focuses on the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) as a severity indicator for anxiety in primary care patients with different anxiety disorders (social phobia, panic disorder with or without agoraphobia, agoraphobia or generalized anxiety disord...

BACKGROUND The current study sought to develop a short birth satisfaction indicator utilising items from the Birth Satisfaction Scale-Revised (BSS-R) for use as a brief measure of birth satisfaction and as a possible key performance indicator for perinatal service delivery evaluation. Building on the recently developed BSS-R, the study aimed to develop a simplified version of the instrument to ...

BACKGROUND We developed an instrument assessing the extent of smoking cessation activities by general practitioners (GPs) within the Cologne Smoking Study (CoSmoS). The objective of the present study was to examine further psychometric quality of the "SmoCess-GP" instrument (Smoking Cessation by General Practitioners). METHODS 127 current smokers who had participated in the Cologne Smoking St...

Extravascular lung water includes all of the fluid within the lung but outside of the vasculature. Lung water increases as a result of increased hydrostatic vascular pressure or from an increase in lung endothelial and epithelial permeability or both. Experimentally, extravascular lung water has been measured gravimetrically. Clinically, the chest radiograph is used to determine whether extrava...

This study addresses the apparent puzzle that China achieved sustained and rapid economic growth despite weak institutions. From a World Bank survey of 1,616 manufacturing enterprises in 18 cities, we extracted two measures of institutional quality: property rights protection (share of government officials oriented toward helping rather than hindering business), and contract enforcement (likeli...

Loneliness is an indicator of social well-being and pertains to the feeling of missing an intimate relationship (emotional loneliness) or missing a wider social network (social loneliness). The 11-item De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale has proved to be a valid and reliable measurement instrument for overall, emotional, and social loneliness, although its length has sometimes rendered it difficu...

The aims of this paper are to determine the reliability and validity of Entrepreneurial Attitude Orientation (EAO) scale as an instrument to measure the entrepreneurial attitudes among business students of higher education institutes of Malaysia. Initially, the EAO scale consisted of 75 items concerning 4 conceptual subscales: achievement in business (23 items), perceived personal control of bu...

Ecological indicators, historical land use, and invasive species detection in the lower Iowa River floodplain." MA has been approved by the Examining Committee for the thesis requirement for the Master of Arts degree in Geography at the May 2014 graduation.