The welfare of an individual is its state as regards its attempts to cope with its environment. Coping can sometimes be achieved with little effort and expenditure of resources, in which case the individual's welfare is satisfactory . Or it may fail to cope at all, in which case its welfare is obviously poor . Or, if the individual does cope with the conditions it encounters, this may be easy, ...

The methodology for the scientific assessment of animal welfare has developed rapidly in recent years and has become a major scientific discipline. The concepts of welfare, need, stress, health, pain, emotion and feeling are now clarified. In teaching, legislation and practical work referring to animal welfare, a clear definition that can be related to other concepts is needed. The welfare of a...

We provide a sound theory for the computation of allocations of indivisible resources amongst cooperative agents, maximising the egalitarian social welfare of the overall multi-agent system, seen as a society. Agents’ preferences over resources are captured by scalar utilities that we sum up to define the agents’ individual welfare. The egalitarian social welfare is defined as the minimal indiv...

The simultaneous multiple-round auction (SMRA) and the combinatorial clock auction (CCA) are the two primarymechanisms used to sell bandwidth. Under truthful bidding, the SMRA is known to output a Walrasian equilibrium that maximizes social welfare provided the bidder valuation functions satisfy the gross substitutes property [20]. Recently, it was shown that the combinatorial clock auction (CC...

-An algorithm that allows a market participant to maximize its individual welfare in electricity spot markets is presented. The use of the algorithm in determining market equilibrium points, called Nash equilibria, is demonstrated. The start of the algorithm is a spot market model that uses the optimal power flow (OPF), with a full representation of the transmission system and inclusion of cons...