mycophenolate mofetil (mmf) as an immunosuppressive agent is used to prevent graft rejection. one of the adverse effects of long time administration of mmf is the gastrointestinal disorder. this study aimed to investigate the gastroprotective effect of silymarin (smn) on mmf-induced gastrointestinal (gi) disorders. twenty-four adult female wistar rats were assigned into three groups including t...

Cardiac disorders remain one of the most important causes of death in the world. Oxidative stress has been suggested as one of the molecular mechanisms involved in drug-induced cardiac toxicity. Recently, several natural products have been utilized in different studies with the aim to protect the progression of oxidative stress-induced cardiac disorders. There is a large body of evidence that a...

INTRODUCTION Drug-induced movement disorders (DIMDs) can be elicited by several kinds of pharmaceutical agents. The major groups of offending drugs include antidepressants, antipsychotics, antiepileptics, antimicrobials, antiarrhythmics, mood stabilisers and gastrointestinal drugs among others. AREAS COVERED This paper reviews literature covering each movement disorder induced by commercially...

Movement disorders are frequently a result of prescription drugs or of illicit drug use. This article focuses on prescribed drugs but briefly mentions drugs of abuse. The main emphasis is on movement disorders caused by dopamine receptor-blocking agents. However, movement disorders caused by other drugs are also briefly discussed.

388 Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are one of the most widely used over-the-counter (OTC) drugs worldwide. Though the extent of their usage in the Indian population is not known, it is likely to be large. Their major usage is as casual prescription for their analgesic and anti-inflammatory action, and in organized rheumatology and orthopedic practice. These drugs have also been ...