This paper looks at the issue of labour market adjustment in the context of expanded international trade of NAFTA economies both within the region and more generally. The study focuses on the period 1990-1998, a time-frame which covers several years prior to and after the formation of NAFTA. Trade flows of the member countries are analysed using measures of static intra-industry trade (IIT) and...

We develop a heterogeneous firm intra-industry trade model in which countries are asymmetric in both technology and size. In our model the productivity gaps and levels across countries are jointly determined by technological asymmetry and trade barriers. By assuming symmetry across countries, Melitz (2003)shows that increased exposure to IIT raise aggregate productivity for all countries via re...

Recent developments, including the analysis of firm-level adjustment to falling trade costs, have contributed to a revival of interest in intra-industry trade (IIT). Most empirical work still relies on the standard Grubel-Lloyd measure. This however refers only to international trade, disregarding income flows stimulated by repatriated profits of multinational firms. Given the overwhelming impo...

We analyse the effects of increasing returns and regional integration on industry location and trade. Theoretically, we show that regional integration can induce a non-monotonic locus of industry location inside the customs union, with initial dispersion to the periphery and later concentration in the core. Relationships of locational dispersion with scale economies (monotonically negative) and...

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In this paper, we aim to identify the intensity and nature of intra-industry specialisation in global trade citrus fruits. We used data from United Nations Comtrade database. performed both static dynamic assessments (IIT) by using traditional Grubel-Lloyd index marginal IIT (MIIT) index, respectively. also separated into horizontal vertical trade, verified relationship between changes pattern ...

Economists conventionally assume that intraindustry trade (IIT) entails relatively smoothfactor-market adjustment to trade liberalisation. However, the appropriate definition of IIT inthe adjustment context continues to be a matter of debate. A consensus is emerging that, in thecontext of adjustment, one should use measures that are based on marginal IIT, and a range ofmeasu...

This paper investigates the structure East Asian trade flows over the high-growth period of 1970-1996. Data for Korea, Malaysia, Indonesia and the Philippines are analysed, using measures of static intra-industry trade (Grubel-Lloyd index) and of dynamic (marginal) intra-industry trade. Inferences drawn from those results are based on the “smooth adjustment hypothesis”, according to which intra...

The objective of this study is to provide some empirical evidences on the existence of labor market adjustments according to smooth adjustment hypothesis (SAH) under the impact of intra-industry trade (IIT) considering the Portuguese case over a time span between 1995 and 2006. The main methodological issue of this study consists in showing that it is preferable to use the GMM-System approach w...

An important development of the One Belt Road Initiative (OBOR) is to promote qualitative improvements in trade and regulation among participating countries. This paper provides an analysis bilateral between China Kazakhstan, covering a period time from 2002 2017 divided into major categories. The main purpose this work review relations Kazakhstan determine at initial stage OBOR project. To sol...