abstract background: acute respiratory infections (ari) are the main cause for antibiotic (ab) use in all age groups specially the first two years of life. the local information about the pattern of ab prescription in ari is a necessary part for any program which aims logical use of ab. the current study was designed to find the frequency and types of ab administration for ari in young children...

background :although transfusion is a common procedure for treating anemia of prematurity, there is no specific protocol for blood transfusion in premature newborns. so in this study we investigate whether application of a strict protocol has any statistically significant effect on reduction of blood transfusion.   methods : in this study, first group admitted in nicu during 2005 - 2006 and the...

introduction: central nervous system develops during the first years of life. millions of synapses form among nervous cells before two years of age. the present research was performed to assess the effects of mothers’ training about complementary feeding and developmental skills on growth and development of 5-7 month infants referring to health centers in city of shiraz in southwest of iran. me...

conclusions with regard to improving the understanding of the differences in the biodiversity of the fecal microbiota between rd infants and h infants, the findings of this study can provide a possible basis to reveal the relationship between rd and intestinal microbiota. objectives this study aimed to reveal the changes in the biodiversity of the fecal microbiota of infants with rd. patients a...

background:extrauterine growth restriction remains a common and serious problem in newborns especially who are small, immature, and critically ill. very low birth weight infants (vlbw) had 97% and 40% growth failure at 36 weeks and 18-22 months post-conceptual age respectively. the postnatal development of premature infants is critically dependent on an adequate nutritional intake that mimics a...

conclusions we found a relatively high value of tc and tg in our study. considering the relationship between high levels of lipids in the neonatal period and coronary artery disease in the adult population, we recommend future cohort studies for this statistical society. results of the 174 neonates, 97 were female. vaginal delivery was recorded in 79.8%. there were no significant differences re...

diphenhydramine, as an antihistamine drug is widely used for the treatment of allergies. however, being classified as an over the counter medication and the general belief on the low adverse effect profile of this drug has made it widely accessible to the families. recent reports of diphenhydramine intoxication and mortality, noticeably in children and infants have raised some serious concerns....

vitamin d is important for the development, growth, and mineralization of the skeletal in neonates and children. vitamin d is essential for intestinal absorption of calcium. vitamin d is metabolized to 25-hydroxyvitamin d and then to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin d. pregnant women in developed countries often have insufficient serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin d and a supplementation of vitamin...

extract: sever coughs of the little zahra who has 8 months old informed you even before that her parents inter to the ward. zahra's developmental needs in terms of emotional, physical and social will required a detailed cares in her hospitalization period. but at this time her breathing problem may attracted your attention. needs and differences of the mentioned infant explain below. zahra...