ETIOLOGY Feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD) includes infl ammatory diseases of the lower urinary tract and non-infl ammatory conditions that cause urination in inappropriate places. Both male and female cats are affected but mostly only male cats develop urethral obstruction. Typical signs in non-obstructed cats include pollakiuria, stranguria, hematuria and urination in inappropriate p...

[1] in a recent issue of Critical Care, an increase in the concentration of carbon monoxide (CO) has been observed after surgery and cardiopulmonary bypass and during sepsis [2]. Although infl ammation induces heme oxygenase and the above-mentioned conditions do lead to infl ammation, a clear association in humans has not been established, underlining the relevance of the remarks made by Cove a...

The Rockefeller University Press $30.00 J. Exp. Med. www.jem.org/cgi/doi/10.1084/jem.20080421 Cite by DOI: 10.1084/jem.20080421 1 of 19 The mechanism resulting in increased numbers of microglia in the central nervous system (CNS) during infl ammation has long been debated. Microglia have been shown to proliferate in situ in several synthetic infl ammatory models ( 1 – 4 ). In contrast, it is su...

Results: Results demonstrated that OC treatment or nicotine exposure led to increased hemorheological (blood viscosity, hematocrit and plasma viscosity), prothrombotic (plasminogen activator inhibitor-1), proinfl ammatory (Creactive protein, uric acid, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and platelet/lymphocyte ratio) and anti-infl ammatory (corticosterone) markers. However, these effects except that o...

Wang and colleagues provide functional immunologic data on a molecular pathway for glucocorticoid resistance in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) [1]. Gluco corti-coids have broad and powerful eff ects on the immune response and, despite the advent of biologic therapies, remain the most important and frequently used immuno-suppressive agents in clinical practice [2]. Indeed, if it were not for...

Correspondence: Roberto Pedrinelli Dipartimento Cardio Toracico e Vascolare, Università di Pisa, Italy Tel +39 050 996 712 Fax +39 050 540 522 Email [email protected] Abstract: Anti-infl ammatory properties may contribute to the pharmacological effects of angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), a leading therapeutic class in the management of hypertension and related cardiovascular and...

The objective of the study was to evaluate the role of the mould cell wall agent β-glucan in environmentally related pulmonary disease. All published articles where β-glucan was administered by the airways, either as intratracheal injection or as inhalation were utilised as data sources. Data reporting consisted of analysis of data reports concerning the effects of β-glucan on the immune system...

The utility of 18F-fl uorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET) is widely recognized for the management of patients with cancer encompassing several aspects including diagnosis, staging, and monitoring therapeutic intervention1. However, FDG not only accumulates within malignant tumor sites but also in the infl ammatory lesions. As a result, the clinical utility of FDG-PET is al...