objective(s): nanomaterials, especially silver nanoparticles (ag-nps), are employed in an increasing number of commercial products. this has led to an ever growing exposure of human beings to this substance. the first purpose of the nano committee of food and drug administration of the islamic republic of iran (ifda) is developing guidelines to assess and approve commercial nano-health products...

BACKGROUND An optimal inhalation flow pattern is essential for effective use of a dry powder inhaler (DPI). We wondered whether DPI instructors inhale from a DPI with an appropriate pattern, and if not, whether self-training with visual feedback is effective. METHODS Subjects were 14 pharmacists regularly engaged in instruction in DPI use. A newly designed handy inhalation flow visualizer (Vi...

The effects of chiral fragrances (enantiomers of limonene and carvone) on the human autonomic nervous system (ANS) and on self-evaluation were studied in 20 healthy volunteers. Each fragrance was administered to each subject by inhalation using an A-A-B design. Individuals were tested in four separate sessions; in one session one fragrance was administered. ANS parameters recorded were skin tem...

Purpose: To investigate the protective effect of vitexin on smoke inhalation-induced acute lung injury (SI-ALI), and underlying mechanism action.Methods: The ALI rat model was established by inhalation in a closed chamber. Survival rate, arterial blood gas analysis, wet-to-dry weight ratio tissues, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid protein concentration, tissue histology, oxidative stress inflammati...

Inhaled air quality is directly related to occupants’ health and of life. In this study, a numerical breathing thermal manikin was employed, who breathed following sinusoidal function, with 10 cycles per minute. Each cycle composed three phases: 2.5 s inhalation, exhalation, 1 pause. The influence pulmonary ventilation rate, mode period on the re-inhalation ratio were studied by computational f...

Inhaled anticholinergics may be the first-line therapy for stable COPD. However, the effect of inhaled anticholinergic agents on exercise capacity is still controversial. Fourteen patients with stable COPD (age, 64.6 +/- 5.9 years) completed a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled crossover trial. All the patients were studied by symptom-limited progressive cycle ergometry before and 90 m...

MURA. Efect of ether anesthesia on r7-hydroxycur~icosteroid secretion in dogs. Am. J. Physiol. rg7(6): 1261-1262. rg5g.--In dogs with previously cut dorsal spinal roots (T1r-L3), adrenal venous blood was collected without anesthetic or pain. Ether was then inhaled for 30-60 minutes. During and after ether inhalation, adrenal venous blood was again collected and the plasma was analyzed for I 7-h...

Both neutrophil margination and increases in the non-invasively assessed parameter, isovolumetric venous congestion cuff pressure (Pv(i)), are symptomatic of some inflammatory diseases. Neutrophil margination occurs primarily, though not exclusively, at the post-capillary endothelial surface. The local haemodynamic changes resulting from margination may be responsible for the observed increases...

This study investigated the effects of beta2-adrenergic agonist therapy on heart rate variability (HRV) in adult asthmatic patients by using frequency domain measures of HRV. A randomized crossover design was used. Twenty adult patients with asthma were studied. All patients showed a mild-to-moderate decrease in baseline forced expiratory volume in one second. Any diseases that might have influ...

This study hypothesises that regardless of the global score of dyspnoea intensity, different descriptors may be selected by asthmatic patients during short cardiopulmonary exercise test (sCPET) and methacholine (Mch) inhalation. It also examines whether different qualitative dyspnoea sensations can help explain the underlying mechanisms of the symptom. Minute ventilation (V'E), tidal volume (VT...