The social complexion of Toronto’s urban landscape has been irreversibly altered since the 1960s as new waves of migrants from Africa, Asia, the Caribbean, and Central and South America have replaced traditional white European migrant flows. We examine the very different residential settlement patterns of Toronto’s three largest racial minorities – Blacks, Chinese and South Asians. Unlike previ...

Most cases settle, in employment discrimination litigation as elsewhere. Unfortunately, empirical knowledge of settlements remains limited. Data scarcity fuels untested perceptions and, all too frequently, misperceptions about how employment disputes are resolved. This Essay exploits a unique data set of successful settlements in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Illinois fro...

Increasing settlement and post-settlement survival during the critical transition from planktonic larvae to benthic juveniles will increase efficiency for sea urchin aquaculture. This study investigated the effects of temperature and settlement cues on the settlement and post-settlement survival of the sea urchin Tripneustes gratilla during this phase. The current commercial methodology, which ...

Biofouling of experimental cages and other field apparatuses can be problematic for scientists and has traditionally been addressed using frequent manual removal (e.g., scraping, scrubbing). Recent environmental restrictions and legislative changes have driven the development of less hazardous antifouling products, making antifouling paint a potential alternative option to manual removal. Conse...

Recovery of degraded reefs is dependent on the settlement of coral larvae into habitats typically dominated by benthic algae, so that benthic algae may play pivotal roles in coral settlement and reef recovery. Here we demonstrate that waterborne influences of macroalgae could affect coral settlement before larvae contact reef substrata and that such effects vary between macroalgae. We tested fo...

Solitary ascidians have a long legacy as model organisms for investigating developmental mechanisms because of the simplicity of their embryogenesis and their basal phylogenetic position within the chordates (Berrill, 1929; Cameron et al., 2000; Conklin, 1905; Jeffery and Swalla, 1997; Kowalevsky, 1866; Satoh, 1994). The chordate traits that unite ascidians with the cephalochordates and vertebr...

INTRODUCTION In December 2003, the residents of Bam, Iran experienced an earthquake that measured 6.6 on the Richter scale and destroyed more than 90% of the city. PROBLEM The purpose of this study was to assess the status of the rescue, evacuation, and transportation of the casualties during the early stages following the earthquake. METHODS A cross-sectional study of 185 casualties who we...

a r t i c l e i n f o Keywords: Crepidula fornicata Habitat association Larval settlement Microhabitat Post-settlement mortality Recruitment Habitat-specific distributions of marine benthic invertebrates can be caused by several processes acting prior to, during or after settlement, including differential settlement and varying levels of mortality between habitat types following adaptation of t...

This paper investigates the existence and extent of economies of scale in depository and settlement systems. Evidence from 16 settlement institutions across different regions for the years 1993–2000 indicates the existence of significant economies of scale. The degree of such economies, however, differs by size of settlement institution and region. While smaller settlement service providers rev...

Coral settlement is a key ecological process in the maintenance, recovery and resilience of coral reef ecosystems. Coral reefs in the Persian Gulf survive in one of the world’s most extreme environments, yet there remains limited knowledge of the role of coral settlement considered critical for maintaining population dynamics. Spatial and temporal patterns of coral settlement were examined at 6...