Extensive utilization of pesticides against insects provides us with a good model for studying the adaptation of a eukaryotic genome to a strong selective pressure. One mechanism of resistance is the alteration of acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7), the molecular target for organophosphates and carbamates. Here, we report the sequence analysis of the Ace gene in several resistant field strains o...

To establish an insecticidal resistance surveillance program, Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes from São Paulo, Brazil, were colonized (PIN95 strain) and analyzed for levels of resistance. The PIN95 strain showed low levels of resistance to organophosphates [malathion (3.3-fold), fenitrothion (11.2-fold)] and a carbamate [propoxur (3.0-fold)]. We also observed an increase of 7.4 and 9.9 in alph...

In order to establish the insecticide susceptibility status for Anopheles darlingi in Colombia, and as part of the National Network on Insecticide Resistance Surveillance, five populations of insects from three Colombian states were evaluated. Standardised WHO and CDC bottle bioassays, in addition to microplate biochemical assays, were conducted. Populations with mortality rates below 80% in th...

In this study, some biochemical responses of Beta-Cyfluthrin (β-CF), which is a commercial insecticide in Dreissena polymorpha, were investigated. The 96 hour LC50 value β-CF on D. polymorpha was calculated as 509.62 µg L-1. exposed to subletal concentrations (1/16, 1/8 and 1/4 value: 32, 64 128 L-1) for 24 hours. Malondialdehyde (MDA) reduced glutathione (GSH) levels Acetylcholinesterase (AChE...

In Brazil, Aedes aegypti mosquito is the most frequent vector of some arboviruses, such as dengue, yellow fever, Zika and chikungunya. The use synthetic insecticides to combat this has been compromised due development resistant populations collateral damage caused nature. Essential oils (EO) have studied an alternative insecticide. Thus, objective work was do a review EOs from Caatinga biome pl...

1. Bream (Abramis brama) were exposed to sublethal concentration of organophosphorus insecticide DDVP and the amount of food consumed and brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) examined in exposed fish. 2. Exposure to DDVP resulted in decreased amount of food consumed and inhibited brain AChE activity. 3. Intraperitoneal injection of the fish with cholinergic drugs, atropine and TMB-4 recovered the ...

The Pink Bollworm Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) is a devastating pest in Egyptian cotton field. Insecticide control failure may be happen due to its biological features of hide inside bolls and rarely exposed insecticide application. Thus, bulk infested with larvae collected from fields Sharkia Benysuef governorate. Moreover, py, Op sub lethal concentrations laboratory bioassay. Toxicity ...

This study is aimed at evaluating the potential of essential oil Cinnamomum verum (EOCV) as an antioxidant, insecticide against Callosobruchus maculatus and for its anti-acetylcholinesterase activity. To this end, EOCV was extracted via hydrodistillation from plant, identification phytochemicals performed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The antioxidant power determined in vi...

To develop new avenues for synthesizing novel antidotes for organophosphate poisoning and for detection of the organophosphates, we have turned to recombinant DNA methods to synthesize cholinesterases with unusual properties. For antidotal therapy we describe mutations of the native mouse and human enzymes that allow for enhanced rates of oxime reactivation. Such enzymes, when localized in the ...