This paper presents an elementary proof of the HannenhalliPevzner theorem on the reversal distance of two signed permutations. It uses a single PQ-tree to encode the various features of a permutation. The parameters called hurdles and fortress are replaced by a single one, whose value is computed by a simple and efficient algorithm.

Paraquat (PQ) is a well described pneumotoxicant that produces toxicity by redox cycling with cellular diaphorases, thereby elevating intracellular levels of superoxide (O-(2)). NO synthase (NOS) has been shown to participate in PQ-induced lung injury. Current theory holds that NO reacts with O-(2) generated by PQ to produce the toxin peroxynitrite. We asked whether NOS might alternatively func...

The effects of H-bonding on the redox potential and molecular vibrations of plastoquinone (PQ) that functions as a primary and a secondary quinone electron acceptor (QA and QB, respectively) in photosystem II (PSII) in plants and cyanobacteria were investigated using density functional theory calculations. Calculations were performed on the neutral and semiquinone anion forms of PQ and its H-bo...

The projective space of order n over the finite field Fq, denoted here as Pq(n), is the set of all subspaces of the vector space Fnq . The projective space can be endowed with distance function dS(X, Y ) = dim(X) + dim(Y ) − 2 dim(X ∩ Y ) which turns Pq(n) into a metric space. With this, an (n,M, d) code C in projective space is a subset of Pq(n) of size M such that the distance between any two...

This paper presents a new automatic detection and classification approach of power quality (PQ) problems using Kalman filter. filter is used as an estimator to calculate the fundamental frequency harmonic components amplitudes voltage or current signals. Then instantaneous total distortion (iTHD) energy are calculated. For each half cycle processed signal, five decision quantities calculated ba...

This paper presents a new control method for simultaneous compensation of instantaneous reactive power and current harmonics by parallel active filters (PAFs). Reference compensating currents of PAF are calculated using the subtraction of instantaneous power from its average value. In this way, it is possible omitting high/low pass filter(s) from the control circuit of PAF, which usually result...

A bstract We show that the strong CP problem is solved in a large class of compactifications string theory. The Peccei-Quinn mechanism solves if CP-breaking effects ultraviolet completion gravity and QCD are small compared to CP-preserving axion potential generated by low-energy instantons. characterize both classes effects. To understand quantum gravitational effects, we consider an ensemble f...