the lethality of pulsed ultra-violet (uv) rich light for the inactivation of pathogenic bacteria has been investigated. a low pressure xenon filled flash lamps that produced uv intensities have been used. the pulsed operation of the system enable the release of electrical energy stored in the capacitor into the flash lamp within a short time and produces the high current and high peak power req...

Cheuk Hung Lee, MBBS (HK), FHKAM (MED), FHKCP, MScPD (Cardiff), MRCP (UK), DPD (Wales), DipDerm (Glasgow), PGDipClinDerm (London), GradDipDerm (NUS), DipMed (CUHK), Kar Wai Alvin MBChB DCH (Sydney), Dip Derm MScClinDerm Kwin Wah Chan, PgDipPD (Lond), (Sydney). J Cosmet Med 2023;7:42-4. https://doi.org/10.25056/JCM.2023.7.1.42

Due to nonlinear atomic polarization, crystals can emit a different frequency of light than absorbed. In order to see the second order effects of atomic polarization, which cause a doubling in the frequency of the incident light, the incident light must be an intense and coherent source, like a laser. Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate (KDP) is a crystal that exhibits these nonlinear polarization p...