In $$\mathbb {Z}^d$$ with $$d\ge 5$$ , we consider the time constant $$\rho _u$$ associated to chemical distance in random interlacements at low intensity $$u \ll 1$$ . We prove an upper bound of order $$u^{-1/2}$$ and a lower $$u^{-1/2+\varepsilon }$$ The agrees conjectured scale which $$u^{1/2}\rho converges multiple Euclidean norm, as $$u\rightarrow 0$$ Along proof, obtain local on between b...

The aim of this article is to analyze factors affecting sonication dose and build a dosimetry model of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation for uterine fibroids. Four hundred and three patients with symptomatic uterine fibroids who underwent HIFU were retrospectively analyzed. The energy efficiency factor (EEF) was set as dependent variable, and the factors possibly affecting sonic...

Echolocating animals adjust the transmit intensity and receive sensitivity of their sonar in order to regulate the sensation level of their echoes; this process is often termed automatic gain control. Gain control is considered not to be under the animal's cognitive control, but previous investigations studied animals ensonifying targets or hydrophone arrays at predictable distances. To test wh...

High quality rendering and physics-based modeling in volume graphics have been limited because intensity-based volumetric data do not represent surfaces well. High spatial frequencies due to abrupt intensity changes at object surfaces result in jagged or terraced surfaces in rendered images. Use of a distance-to-closestsurface function to encode object surfaces allows accurate reconstruction of...

PURPOSE To investigate how light intensity changes as the distance increases from the tip of the light guide. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten different curing light/light guide combinations were used. Light intensity was measured at 0, 3, 6, and 10 mm from the tip of the light guide with a radiometer. Measurements were repeated in five separate trials and the mean light intensity +/- standard devia...