abstract:one of the target groups is women in poverty eradication programs, especially divorced women and widows in order to the social, economic and cultural community that are more involved with the issue of poverty. such a study aims to measure the effective factors on poverty alleviation and empowerment of divorced women and widows in selseleh city (as one of disadvantaged city).to do so, d...

Sameer is a farmer who subsists on three acres in rural India. While much of the land is fertile, nearly 50% of his income goes towards just the interest payments from money-lender loans, loans which are necessary to finance the crops he plants. Moreover, some of his land is unused because he cannot profitably finance irrigation at the money-lender’s rates (5 to 10% per month). As a result, his...

We study borrowers’ optimal choice between formal and informal sources of credit in a setting with strategic default due to limited enforcement. Informal loans (e.g., from friends or relatives) can be enforced by the threat of severing social ties which hurts both the borrower and the lender, while formal loans (e.g., from banks) are enforced by requiring collateral. We show that in this settin...

Identifying and measuring the impact of public support to industry is a difficult task. Recent OECD studies analyse transfers to industrial firms which are categorised in two groups: the first consisting of money transfers (for R&D and innovation contracts, and for procurement of innovated products and processes); the second of financial incentives (regular grants, reimbursable grants, interest...

The private market of student loans has become an important source of college financing in the U.S. Unlike government student loans, eligibility conditions on student loans from the private market are based on the credit history of the student and the parents, who often serve as cosigners. In addition, interest rates on private loans vary significantly with credit scores (from 7.4 to 15.4 perce...

This paper studies TRAIL, a variation on traditional microfinance, where a microfinance institution appoints local intermediaries (traders or informal moneylenders) as agents to recommend borrowers for individual liability loans. Agents earn commissions that depend on loan repayments. There are no peer monitoring, group meetings or savings requirements. The loans are designed to finance agricul...

I study whether a firm’s environmental profile affects the cost of its bank loans. I find that firms with environmental concerns such as hazardous waste concern, substantial toxic chemical emission concern and climate change concern pay a higher interest rate on their bank loans. Firms that derive substantial revenue from environmentally beneficial products pay a lower interest rate on their ba...

Donation-based crowdfunding platform Kiva seems to hold the promise of peer-to-peer lending with zero interest rate to help the poor. However, it is actually intermediated by microfinance institutions, which raise funds from Kiva lenders, disburse the funds to borrowers and collect high interest. Later Kiva launched another platform Kiva Zip that implements interest-free loans directly from len...