Labour analgesia has become almost synonymous with central neuraxial analgesia. Various techniques are in use from single epidural injection, continuous epidural infusion, combined spinal epidural, patient controlled epidural analgesia to programmed intermittent epidural bolus. Each method has its own advantages and disadvantages though the purpose remains the same:a painless labour and a healt...

cialist in the cardiac care unit and cardiac observation unit at UCLA Medical Center and is an assistant professor of nursing at the UCLA School of Nursing, Los Angeles, Calif. by a computer and converted into a measurement of cardiac output. Cardiac output is inversely proportional to the area under the curve. The normal cardiac output curve has a rapid smooth upstroke and a gradual downstroke...

Introduction: The present study aimed to generate intensity-modulated beams with Aluminium compensating filters for a conventional telecobalt machine based on the outputs of a treatment planning system (TPS) performing forward planning and cannot simulate directly the compensating filter. Materials and Methods: In order to achieve the beam intensity modulation during treatment planning with th...

Interleukin 2 (IL-2) administered at low doses for prolonged periods can markedly expand the number of CD56(+) natural killer (NK) cells in patients with metastatic cancer. The cytotoxic capacity of NK cells obtained from patients receiving IL-2 in vivo can be dramatically augmented by additional exposure to IL-2 in vitro. These observations formed the basis of a clinical trial in which patient...

OBJECTIVE To compare duration of mechanical ventilation for patients randomized to receive lorazepam by intermittent bolus administration vs. continuous infusions of propofol using protocols that include scheduled daily interruption of sedation. DESIGN A randomized open-label trial enrolling patients from October 2001 to March 2004. SETTING Medical intensive care units of two tertiary care ...

BACKGROUND The study aimed to calculate chest-wall skin dose associated with different frequencies of bolus applications in post-mastectomy three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) and to provide detailed information in the selection of an appropriate bolus regimen in this clinical setting. METHODS CT-Simulation scans of 22 post-mastectomy patients were used. Chest wall for clinical ...

OBJECTIVES To compare the effects of regular intermittent bolus versus continuous infusion for epidural labor analgesia on maternal temperature and serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) level. METHODS This randomized trial was performed in Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China between October 2012 and February 2014. Either regular intermittent bolus (RIB, n=6...

BACKGROUND Recent trials have shown controversial results on which enteral feeding methods has a lower risk of enteral feeding intolerance. Therefore, we aimed to compare two methods of bolus and intermittent feeding on enteral feeding intolerance of patients with sepsis. METHODS This triple-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted on 60 patients with sepsis, who were fed through tubes f...

Low doses of cytosine arabinoside (ara-C) have recently been administered by intravenous (IV) infusion and intermittent subcutaneous (SC) injection to patients with pre-leukemia and acute leukemia. Our studies have demonstrated that the continuous IV infusion of low-dose (20 mg/m2/d) ara-C produces hematologic improvement in patients with preleukemic syndromes. The present work has monitored pl...

Background: In general, radiotherapy treatment planning is performed using the virtual bolus. It is necessary to investigate physical bolus in comparison to virtual one. Objectives: In the present study, first, radiological properties of superflab Gel bolus and Paraffin wax bolus was investigated in terms of their relative electron density. Then, dosimetric performance of both the bolus (...