Nanoscience and technology have grown explosively in the last decades, because of various synthesis procedures and characterization techniques [1]. From the nineteenth century, carbon nanoparticles are one among the blooming fields of research and have been in constant limelight since then, due to its unique physical and chemical properties, making it a whole host of applications ranging from c...

A heat transfer model has been developed that uses quasi-steady heat flux relations to calculate the heat transfer from combustion gases through the cylinder wall to the coolant in an internal combustion engine. The treatment of convective heat transfer accounts for the physical problems of rotating and impinging axial flow inside the engine cylinder. The radiative heat transfer includes gas ra...

Mesoscale internal combustion engines for a variety of new combustion system applications have dimensions that are far smaller than conventional macroscale engines, yet unlike true microscale engines allow significant mean flow and turbulence to be created in the combustion chamber by the injection process. The resulting flow allows minimization of the combustion time by augmenting flame propag...

List of old and new concepts of ICE thermodynamic improvements considering realistic limits of both mechanical and thermal stress and pollutant emissions, especially new concepts of combustion (HCCI-like), piston motion control, consequences of downsizing, possibilities of waste heat recovery and heat regeneration. Methods of simulation for conceptual optimization in hierarchy of procedures. Im...

In this work, number concentration and size distribution at the exhaust of a Port Fuel Injection (PFI) Spark Ignition (SI) engine downstream a three-way catalyst and a Direct Injection Common Rail Diesel engine have been measured with two particle size instruments. The gas exhaust is first diluted, a nano DMA is used to obtain the particles size distribution function in the 3-60 nm range, in pa...

Transportation is second only to industrial use as the largest consumer of energy in the US and accounts for about 60% of our nation’s use of petroleum—an amount equivalent to all of the oil the country imports. The numbers are staggering: Some 10 000 gallons of petroleum are burned in the US each second of every day. Although new energy sources are being developed and renewable fuels are emerg...

Combustion and evaporation processes occurring in a closed chamber can result in significant pressure rise and direct work transfer. The pressure and volumetric changes that accompany such processes allow substantial work potential to be achieved in cyclic nonsteady devices, such as internal combustion engines and pulsed combustion or detonation engines. The ideal pressure gain or work producti...

In this paper, we propose a new method and instruments to identify the torque, the power, and the efficiency of internal combustion engines in transient conditions. This method, in contrast to the commonly used non-demounting methods based on inertia and strain gauge dynamometers, allows controlling the main performance parameters of internal combustion engines in transient conditions without i...