This paper examines the questions of why and how foreign assistance was utilized successfully in South Korea but less so in Ghana, with a focus on the role of aid in the process of state building and state transition in these two countries. Before the 1960s, South Korea and Ghana shared approximately similar levels of GDP per capita. However, while South Korea achieved rapid economic developmen...

the sorption isotherm and state diagram of sundried, golden and sultana raisins were constructed for investigation and comparison of the product stability. the isotherms were measured at 15, 25 and 35 °c using an isopiestic method and the data were modeled with gab model. glass transition temperatures of the products were measured by differential scanning calorimetery (dsc) and fitted to gordon...

multi agent markov decision processes (mmdps), as the generalization of markov decision processes to the multi agent case, have long been used for modeling multi agent system and are used as a suitable framework for multi agent reinforcement learning. in this paper, a generalized learning automata based algorithm for finding optimal policies in mmdp is proposed. in the proposed algorithm, mmdp ...

the hydrogen abstraction reaction by oh radical from ch2brch2br (r1) and ch₃chbr2 (r2) is investigated theoretically by semi-classical transition state theory. the stationary points for both reactions are located by using ωb97x-d and kmlyp density functional methods along with cc-pvtz basis. single-point energy calculations are performed at the qcisd(t) and ccsd(t) levels of theory with differe...

a wind farm is a collection of wind turbines built in an area to provide electricity. wind power is a renewable energy resource and an alternative to non-renewable fossil fuels. in this paper impact of wind farms in power system reliability is investigate and a new procedure for reliability assessment of wind farms in hl1 level is proposed. in proposed procedure, application of fuzzy – markov f...

Thermal rearrangement of 7,7-dichloro-[a,c]-dibenzo-[4,1,0]-bicycloheptane (1) to 5,6-dichloro-5Hdibenzo-[a,c]-cycloheptene (2) was studied in the solid phase and in solvents with different polarities. Thefirst-order constants at various temperatures for the rearrangement process were evaluated from theabsorption time data. The activation parameters for this rearrangement were obtained from the...

A methodology for deriving programs from specifications of observable behaviour is described. The class of processes to which this methodology is applicable includes those whose state changes are fully definable by labelled transition systems, for example communicating processes without internal state changes. A logic program representation of such labelled transition systems is proposed, inter...