Urban trees provide a range of environmental and public health benefits. However, urban trees may also have an adverse effect on human health by increasing exposure to pollen. Many types of tree pollen are considered to be allergens and have been linked to various manifestations of allergic disease, including allergic sensitization, exacerbation of allergic rhinitis, and exacerbation of allergi...

This qualitative pilot study examined health disparities among rural and urban Latina/o adolescents from the perspective of middle and high school administrators, counselors, nurses, and teachers. Participants were asked to describe Latina/o health disparities in their schools, reasons attributed to health disparities, and school-based interventions for addressing health disparities. Focus grou...

"Countries," nations, nation-states, and national economies are in fact collections of spaces (regions), each with its own society and its own economic, social, political and power structure. The degree to which these spaces are integrated into a unified national economic, social, political and administrative system varies a great deal from country to country, and these variations go a long way...

Earth observation provides regular information on urban development and could provide an important contribution to map and monitor structural characteristics of expanding cities. While most contemporary remote sensing research in urban environments tends to focus on high resolution satellite imagery, urban monitoring and modelling applications usually rely on extensive historic archives of land...

Abstract The complex relationship between the history of infectious diseases and social inequalities has recently attracted renewed attention. Smallpox so far largely escaped this revived scholarly scrutiny, despite its century-long status as one deadliest widespread all diseases. Literature demonstrated important differences rural urban communities, cities, but failed to address intra-urban di...

BACKGROUND Routine follow-up care is recommended to promote the well-being of cancer survivors, but financial difficulties may interfere. Rural-urban disparities in forgoing healthcare due to cost have been observed in the general population; however, it is unknown whether this disparity persists among survivors. The purpose of this study was to examine rural-urban disparities in forgoing healt...

One of the pillars of epidemiologic research on the long-term health effects of air pollution is to estimate the chronic exposures over space and time. In this study, we aimed to measure the intra-urban ambient carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations within Urmia city in Iran, and to build a model within the geographic information system (GIS) to estimate the annual and seasonal means anywhere with...

The management of urban sprawl is fundamental to achieving sustainable urban development. Monitoring urban sprawl is, however, challenging. This study proposes the use of two spatial statistics, namely global Moran and local Moran to indentify statistically significant urban sprawl hot and cold spots. The findings reveal that the Moran indexes are sensitive to the distance band spatial weight m...

BACKGROUND Acute appendicitis in South Africa is associated with higher morbidity than in the developed world. Objective. To compare outcomes of urban and rural patients in KwaZulu-Natal and to determine whether there are disparities in outcome. METHODS We conducted a prospective study from September 2010 to September 2012 at Edendale Hospital in Pietermaritzburg, South Africa. All patients w...

BACKGROUND The persistence of rural-urban disparities in child nutrition outcomes in developing countries alongside rapid urbanisation and increasing incidence of child malnutrition in urban areas raises an important health policy question - whether fundamentally different nutrition policies and interventions are required in rural and urban areas. Addressing this question requires an enhanced u...