Introduction The practice of clinical diagnostic radiology has been made possible by advances not only in diagnostic equipment and investigative techniques, but also in the contrast media that permit visualisation of the details of the internal structure or organs that would not otherwise be demonstrable. The remarkably high tolerance of modern contrast media has been achieved through successiv...

In this chapter, the established investigative techniques for aiding diagnosis in neurodegenerative disease are reviewed. Beginning with neuropsychological analysis, this review ranges though structural (anatomic), dynamic, and functional brain imaging using MRI and radio-nucleotide scanning to complex neurophysiological applications. In each section, the increasing likelihood of developing tru...

While the concept of a dermal light sense has existed for over a century, little progress has been made in our understanding of the mechanisms underlying dispersed photoreception and the evolutionary histories of dispersed photoreceptor cells. These cells historically have been difficult to locate and positively identify, but modern molecular techniques, integrated with existing behavioral, mor...

animal physiology laboratory, it has progressed by utilizing the modern investigative techniques of each succeeding decade. Today, the results of molecular modeling, x-ray crystallography, and recombinant DNA research are routinely reported in journals detailing research in the field of hypertension. The following review, which is the first of a three-part series focusing on the past, present, ...

We are developing an automated crime reporting and investigative interview system. The system incorporates cognitive interview techniques to maximize witness memory recall, and information extraction technology to extract and annotate crime entities from witness narratives and interview responses. Evaluations of the IE components of the system show that it captures 70 to 77% of information from...

Research in digital forensics has yet to focus on modeling case domain information involved in investigations. This paper shows how concept mapping can be used to create an excellent alternative to the popular checklist approach used in digital forensic investigations. Concept mapping offers several benefits, including creating replicable, reusable techniques, simplifying and guiding the invest...

We describe the operation of an all-optical probe that provides an alternative means of implementing photoacoustic and photothermal investigative techniques, particularly those used in biomedical applications. The probe is based on a transparent, acoustically and thermally sensitive Fabry-Perot polymer film sensor mounted at the end of an optical fiber. We demonstrate the ability of the system ...

Cardiac contusion is an infrequent but occasionally serious complication of deceleration injury. According to ATLS teaching, the true diagnosis of contusion can only be established by direct inspection of the myocardium. The clinically important sequelae of myocardial contusion are hypotension and arrhythmia. Despite recent advances in investigative techniques, myocardial trauma remains an impo...

Morphometric and architectural bone parameters change in diseases such as osteoarthritis and osteoporosis. The mechanical strength of bone is primarily influenced by bone quantity and quality. Bone quality is defined by parameters such as trabecular thickness, trabecular separation, trabecular density and degree of anisotropy that describe the micro-architectural structure of bone. Recently, ...

obstructive jaundice is a medical emergency. local guidelines should be in place and widely publicized to facilitate timely investigation and management and avoid complications. Management must involve a multidisciplinary team that can offer a full range of investigative techniques (cross-sectional imaging, percutaneous procedures, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography).