The term ‘investor relations’ (IR) often refers only to the very formal and primarily anonymous relations and communication between publicly traded companies and their (potential) shareholders. Especially for young and not yet publicly traded companies (socalled start-ups), it can be shown that the individual contact to a very small and well-known group of investors (e.g., venture capital inves...

INTRODUCTION . The UN Commission on International Trade Law established Working Group III in 2017. Within the framework of this Group, States’ delegations and representatives international governmental non-governmental organizations seek to work out solutions identified problems investor-State dispute settlement system. Such include: lack consistency predictability arbitral awards, independence...