INTRODUCTION Our objective was to compare the effectiveness, speed, and complication rate of the traditional manually placed intraosseous (IO) catheter to a mechanical drill-assisted IO catheter by emergency medicine (EM) resident physicians in a training environment. METHODS Twenty-one EM residents participated in a randomized prospective crossover experiment placing 2 intraosseous needles (...

During the 1990s, concerns that nonprofit (NP) hospitals were being sold at below-market prices to investor-owned (IO) chains helped to prompt the widespread adoption of state laws regulating the sale and conversion of nonprofits. In this paper, we provide a simple test of under-pricing using the IO acquirer's abnormal stock market returns at the time of the acquisition. Prior to regulation, we...

introduction: iiron oxide nanoparticles (io np) have an increasing number of biomedical applications. to date, the potential cytotoxicity of these particles remains an issue of debate. little is known about the cellular interaction or toxic effects of io np on differentiation of stem cells. the aim of the present study was to investigate the possible toxic role of different doses of io np in di...

We present an abstract framework for sequence testing that is implemented in Isabelle/HOL-TestGen. Our framework is based on the theory of state-exception monads, explicitly modelled in HOL, and can cope with typed input and output, interleaving executions including abort, and synchronisation. The framework is particularly geared towards symbolic execution and has proven effective in several la...

We benchmarked a mass storage system named “CeMSS” on the “Numerical Simulator III” System. It has eighty (80) RAID-5 disk arrays and forty (40) LTO tape drives, as a storage devices, and has an HSM based local file system and crossbar network file system. We also described CeMSS design outline. In order to clear our benchmark perspective we defined “Standard IO Characteristic” and “User IO Pat...

A broadband analysis methodology is described for the design of a power distribution system (PDS) for high-speed IO, including chip, package and board. Rather than a traditional time-domain simulation, the IO PDS is characterized through frequency domain impedances, accounting for the PDS coupling that drives simultaneous switching effects for adjacent IO cells. Chip-package-board co-simulation...

An effective Hamiltonian for the ferroelectric transition in P bT iO 3 is constructed from first-principles density-functional-theory total-energy and linear-response calculations through the use of a localized, symmetrized basis set of " lattice Wannier functions. " Preliminary results of Monte Carlo simulations for this system show a first-order cubic-tetragonal transition at 660 K. The invol...

We give a quantitative theory of line formation in an atmosphere above a surface with backscattering properties. Sufficiently high spatial and spectral resolution spectra of resonance lines in Io region A can yield data on the surface scattering properties as well as the number density of scattering molecules. We discuss maeroseopically homogeneous models of scattering from the surface of Io an...

The electromagnetic interaction between Jupiter and Io has been studied extensively since the discovery of Io-controlled decametric radio emissions (DAMs). A variety of mechanisms for electromagnetic disturbances have been considered including a unipolar inductor, the excitation of large-amplitude Alfvén waves, the generation of electrostatic electric fields parallel to the ambient magnetic fie...