Studies of the ionosphere and the physics of the ionospheric processes rely on the knowledge of spatial distribution of the ionospheric plasma. Being the propagation medium for radio waves, the ionosphere significantly affects the performance of various navigation, location, and communication systems. Therefore, investigation into the structure of the ionosphere is of interest for many practica...

1. The Neutral Atmosphere 1.1. The Mesosphere 1.2. The Thermosphere 1.3. The Ionosphere 1.4. The Protonosphere 1.5. The Plasmasphere 1.6. The Magnetosphere 1.7. Geomagnetic Storms 1.8. The Auroras 2. Experimental Techniques 2.1. Measuring the Thermosphere, Mesosphere, and Ionosphere 2.2. Measuring the Magnetosphere and Plasmasphere 3. Theoretical Studies from the Stratopause to the Magnetospaus...

0019-1035/$ see front matter 2009 Elsevier Inc. A doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2009.03.014 * Corresponding author. Address: 6862 Slichter Hal Angeles, 595 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles E-mail address: [email protected] (H.Y. Wei). Magnetic flux ropes are created in the ionosphere of Venus and Mars during the interaction of the solar wind with their ionospheres and also at Titan during the i...

Titan is the only Moon in the Solar System with a significant permanent atmosphere. Within this nitrogen-methane atmosphere, an ionosphere forms. Titan has no significant magnetic dipole moment, and is usually located inside Saturn's magnetosphere. Atmospheric particles are ionized both by sunlight and by particles from Saturn's magnetosphere, mainly electrons, which reach the top of the atmosp...

We estimate spatial gradients in the ionosphere using the Global Positioning System (GPS) and GLONASS (Russian global navigation system) observations, utilising data from multiple GPS stations in the vicinity of Murchison Radio-astronomy Observatory (MRO). In previous work the ionosphere was characterised using a single-station to model the ionosphere as a single layer of fixed height and this ...

Triggered by several severe ionosphere storms that have occurred in recent years, research has been done to studying those anomalies, the physics behind them, and their potential impact on augmented GNSS users. In previous work [1-5], it was found that such ionosphere anomalies can threaten LAAS users under extreme conditions. To determine this, a spatial-gradient “threat model” was established...

The long-term goal of this project is to study waves, irregularities, and propagation in the earth's ionosphere, particularly with respect to GPS. The project has two foci: first, to understand how the ionosphere affects GPS signals and second, how GPS can be used for remote sensing of the ionosphere. In association with these goals, we additionally conduct in situ experiments on satellites and...

This work is an attempt to critically analyze the correlation between great deep-focus undersea earthquake and possible ionospheric anomalies. The significant TEC (total electron content) temporal spatial anomalies were detected over epicenter of 2007 Mw7.5 Jakarta–Java earthquake, they coincide well with striking plasma in ionosphere situ observed by LEO (low Earth orbit) satellite. localizati...

The Earth’s magnetic field creates a cavity in interplanetary space, called the magnetosphere. Physical processes in this region of space determine how mass and energy from the solar wind reach the ionosphere, the partially ionized upper atmosphere. Magnetosphere and ionosphere are strongly coupled. Together, they modulate the impacts of solar activity on man and technology. This paper presents...

Model calculations indicate that the lower ionosphere of Saturn is controlled by photochemical processes, with basic features similar to the Jovian ionosphere. The scale height of the upper ionosphere is large (•3350 km). A peak electron density of •10•cm -s 2250 km above a 10•9cm -a reference level is expected assuming an eddy coefficient at the homopause of 1.3 x 10øcmas -• and a relatively h...