Intermittent plasma objects (IPOs) featuring higher pressure than the surrounding plasma, and responsible for 50% of the E BT radial transport, are observed in the scrape-off layer (SOL) and edge of the DIII-D tokamak. The skewness (i.e., asymmetry of fluctuations from the average) of probe and BES intermittent data suggest IPO formation at or near the last closed flux surface (LCFS) and the ex...

In this paper we examine the premarket underpricing phenomenon within a group of venture-backed and a group of non venture-backed initial public offerings (IPOs) using a stochastic frontier approach. Consistent with previous research, we find that venture-backed IPOs are managed by more reputable underwriters and are generally associated with less underwriter compensation. However, unlike other...

Individual and institutional investors can trade German initial public equity offerings (IPOs) on a when-issued basis before the start of secondary trading. Using a novel data set of preand post-IPO trades made by a sample of clients at a large German retail broker, the paper documents that retail investors are willing to overpay and end up overpaying for IPOs, especially following periods of h...

This article examines the role of marketing in the context of initial public offerings (IPOs), a neglected issue in the extant literature. The results from a large-scale, cross-industry study indicate that firms’ pre-IPO marketing spendings help reduce IPO underpricing and boost IPO trading in the stock market. The econometric models also suggest that these effects are heterogeneous; that is, t...

For object classification in video surveillance, features extracted from images are compared with a visual dictionary. The best-matching features are learned by the classifier to determine the object class. In this paper, the visual dictionary concept is extended with Interest Point Operators (IPOs). In a first experiment, the influence of using IPOs on the visual dictionary creation process is...

We provide direct evidence regarding the risk and reputational capital implications of commercial bank securities underwriting activities. Using a large sample of commercial bank underwritten initial public offerings (IPOs) and comparisons with investment bank underwritten issues, we find that (1) commercial banks are no more likely to misprice IPOs than are traditional investment banks, and (2...

In this study, we argue that media-provided information affects investors’ impressions of newly public firms. In 225 initial public offerings (IPOs), the volume of mediaprovided information had a negative, diminishing relationship with underpricing and a positive, diminishing relationship with stock turnover on the first day of trading. The relationship between the tenor of media-provided infor...

We find that IPOs with high expected skewness experience significantly greater first-day returns. The skewness effect is stronger during periods of high investor sentiment and is related to differences in skewness across industries as well as time-series variation in the level of skewness in the market. IPOs with high expected skewness earn more negative abnormal returns in the following one to...

Small and medium size enterprises (SMEs) have an important impact on the development of new economy but SMEs have a need for venture capital (VC) and initial public offerings (IPOs) in order to grow. Therefore, It is very important to know how owners, managers and employees in the SMEs perceive the VC and IPOs in Turkey. A questionnaire is developed to understand these types of perceptions via ...

Impact of investor sentiments on mean variance trade off with respect to Pakistani market has been investigated in this paper. Composite index for Investor Sentiments for Karachi stock exchange is developed. The six measures incorporated in the composite investor sentiment index are closed end fund discount, KSE turnover, the number of IPOs, average first day returns of IPOs, equity share in ne...