Stimulated by the preparation and characterization of the isolated pentagon rule (IPR) violating chlorofullerene: C(60)Cl(8) (Nat. Mater. 2008, 7, 790-794), we have performed a systematic investigation on the structural stabilities, electronic and optical properties of the IPR-violating C(60)X(8) (X = H, F, and Cl) fullerene compounds via density functional theory. The large energy gaps between...

Background & Objective: The potent antioxidant property of fullerene C60 nanoparticles and their derivatives has been demonstrated in a wide range of in vitro and in vivo studies. Hence, we examined the effects of fullerene C60 on the oxidative stress parameters at brain and liver of rats in normal situation. Materials & Methods: The study was performed in two groups of Wistar rats (each group...

Imagine some difficult intellectual property rights (IPR) negotiations between a superpower and an emerging economy. Negotiators from the superpower demanded that its IPR be respected. Their counterparts from the emerging economy shrugged: ''Well, we are still a developing country, but we need to promote education and facilitate learning.'' In other words, IPR piracy had to go on in the emergin...

Despite renewed interest in carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction chemistry, examples of homogeneous iron catalysts that hydrogenate CO2 are limited compared to their noble-metal counterparts. Knowledge of the thermodynamic properties of iron hydride complexes, including M-H hydricities (ΔGH(-)), could aid in the development of new iron-based catalysts. Here we present the experimentally determined hy...

Monomeric copper(I) alkyl complexes that possess the N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands IPr, SIPr, and IMes [IPr = 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene, SIPr = 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazolin-2-ylidene, IMes = 1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene] react with amines or alcohols to release alkane and form the corresponding monomeric copper(I) amido, alkoxide, or...

The inositol trisphosphate receptor (IPR) is a crucial ion channel that regulates the Ca(2+) influx from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the cytoplasm. A thorough study of the IPR channel contributes to a better understanding of calcium oscillations and waves. It has long been observed that the IPR channel is a typical biological system which performs adaptation. However, recent advances on t...

In normal mice neonatal injection of staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) induces tolerance in T cells that express reactive T cell receptor (TCK) V/~ regions. To determine if a T cell neonatal defect was present in MRL-Ipr/Ipr mice, 20 #g of SEB was injected intraperitoneally every other day into VBS.2 TCR transgenic and nontransgenic MR.b + / + and MKL-Ipr/Ipr mice from birth to 2 wk of age. At...

Interactions between calcium-activated chloride channel anoctamin 1 (ANO1) and transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) enhance pain sensations in mice, suggesting that ANO1 inhibition could have analgesic effects. Here we show that menthol and the menthol analogue isopropylcyclohexane (iPr-CyH) inhibited ANO1 channels in mice. The iPr-CyH derivative 4-isopropylcyclohexanol (4-iPr-CyH-O...

When mice were given a single injection of isoproterenol (IPR), the salivary gland cells were stimulated to enter DNA synthesis in a fairly synchronous manner after a lag period of about 18 hr. 7-ray irradiation of these cells in the early prereplicative phase effectively inhibited the stimulation of DNA synthesis caused by IPR. However, irradiation in the late prereplicative phase or in mid-DN...