background: the national health accounts keep track of all healthcare related activities from the beginning (i.e. resource provision), to the end (i.e. service provision). this study was conducted to address following questions: how is the iranian health system funded? who distribute the funds? for what services are the funds spent on?, what service providers receive the funds? methods: the req...

background one of the main objectives of health systems is the financial protection against out-of-pocket (oop) health expenditures. oop health expenditures can lead to catastrophic payments, impoverishment or poverty among households. in iran, health sector evolution plan (hsep) has been implemented since 2014 in order to achieve universal health coverage and reduce the oop health expenditures...

background: health information system (his) has been utilized for collecting, processing, storing, and transferring the required information for planning and decision‑making at different levels of health sector to provide quality services. in this study, in order to provide high‑quality his, primary health care (phc) providers’ perspective on current challenges and barriers were investigated. m...

private healthcare services in vietnam are seen as a major part of the solution to the rapid increase in need and demand for healthcare services. formally recognized over 20 years ago, the private health services coexist with public services and are available all over the country. however, the scale and size of private sector is still small compared to the public sector and public acceptance an...

recognizing the advantages of primary care as a means of improving the entire health system, this text comments on reforms of publicly funded primary health centers, and the rapid development of private forprofit providers in sweden. many goals and expectations are connected to such reforms, which equally require critical analyses of scarce resources, professional trust/motivation and business ...

background: except in emergency cases, all patients should be seen first by a primary healthcare physician who decides whether a referral to secondary care is necessary. the present study examined the reasons for patient self-referral to specialists. methods: a random sample of 1036 individuals was selected from people attending public outpatient clinics and specialists’ offices in the private ...

Der von Christian Funke verfassten Monographie Asthetik, Politik und schiitische Reprasentation im zeitgenossischen Iran liegt seine Dissertation zugrunde, die unter dem Titel »Das Epos Staub Dreck: Die Asthetik der ›Grunen Bewegung‹ Irans Tradition« 2019 DVRW ausgezeichnet wurde. Islam- Religionswissenschaftler hat es sich zur Aufgabe gemacht, aus einer interdisziplinaren Perspektive den Disku...

The biphenyl-bridged. chiral zirconocene complex rac-2.2' -biphenyl-bis( 3.4-dimethylcyclopentadienyl I zirconium dichloride catalyzes the reaction of 1.6and 1,7 -dienes with excess dibutyl magnesium to bis( butyl-magnesio-methyl '-substituted cycloalkanederivatives. Analogous reactions occur with butyl magnesium chloride and with heteroatom-t.:Ontaining dienes. The preference of 1.6-dienes for...

stewardship is not a new concept for public policy, but has not been used to its optimum by the health policy-makers. although it is being practiced in most successful models of health system, but the onus to this function is still due till date. lately, few experts in world health organization (who) have realized its importance and have been raising the issue at different platforms to pursue t...

this survey was carried out on children less than five years of age from rural areas of three provinces in iran (west azarbaijan, bushehre, and central province), with different health care delivery systems and various types of immunization scheme, to determine the immune status of measles and the vaccine coverage. our results indicate that the rates of measles immunity and vaccine coverage for...