The enantioselective total syntheses of (-)(E)ybisabolene-8,9-epoxide, (+) (2S,6R)-2-bromo-13-chamigrene, and (+)-chamigrene, important intermediates in the biosynthesis of natural sesquiterpenoids isolated from algae of the genus Laurencia, are described. The compounds are synthesized with regio ñd stereocontrol by using simple forms of bridged intermediates. This represents a general strategy...

Herein we add first country records to Panama’s microcaddisfly fauna (Trichoptera, Hydroptilidae), one genus— Orthotrichia Eaton, 1873—and 12 species— Alisotrichia latipalpis Flint, 1991; Hydroptila constricta Bueno-Soria, 1984; Metrichia decora Bueno-Soria & Holzenthal, 2003; malada (Flint, 1991); Neotrichia amplector Keth, 2004; armata Botosanea...

Background: DNA barcoding is a promising tool to facilitate a rapid and unambiguous identification of sponge species. Demosponges of the order Dictyoceratida are particularly challenging to identify, but are of ecological as well as biochemical importance. Methodology/Principal Findings: Here we apply DNA barcoding with the standard CO1-barcoding marker on selected Indo-Pacific specimens of two...

The defense roles and the antifouling activity of the organic extracts and the major metabolites of the sponges Ircinia oros, I. variabilis and I. spinosula were investigated. The antifeedant activity was tested in experimental aquaria on the generalist predator fish Thalassoma pavo as well as in coastal ecosystems rich in fishes. Some of the major metabolites exhibited high levels of antifeeda...