Distinctive, eolian-dominated sandy deposits 35 m thick exposed along the SW margin of the Plio-Pleistocene Valdarno Basin in the Northern Apennines, Italy, reflect an unusually arid period in the region. Paleomagnetic investigation and Ar/Ar dating of a tephra layer, 10 m above the eolian sand, suggest that the sand was deposited between about 2.7 and 2.4 Ma. This age is coeval with the global...

The Bruce Boyd site is an Early Woodland burial area on a sand knoll near Long Point, Lake Erie. Excavation uncovered several burials and offerings with cache blades, Meadowood points, trapezoidal gorgets, galena, copper beads, copper bracelets, iron pyrites and red ochre. The ceramics were cordmarked on both interior and exterior, some of them also showing punctates on the lip and exterior rim.

The formation of environmentally toxic acidic waste from mining activities is a world-wide problem. Neutralization of this waste can be accomplished by physicochemical and/or biological means. In this short-term study, synthetic acid mine drainage was added to sandfilled mesocosms containing silica-dominated (quartz) sand. Glucose was added as a carbon source for microbial iron and/or sulphate ...

The aim of this project was to learn roles titanium oxide (TiO2), an impurity contained in iron sand, the products resulting from traditional making processes, tatara operations. For purpose, sand collected using two different mineral processing methods four locations Chugoku area Japan, and these samples were used run small-scale experiments. Iron with gravity separation method 8 12% TiO2, whi...

Microbial biofilms preferentially colonized pyrite surfaces of black shale incubated in groundwater in the Newark Basin (northeastern United States) for 1 month. SEM observation revealed the co-occurrence of bacteria-shaped pits and secondary iron minerals on pyrite, which indicate biological involvement in pyrite weathering and secondary solid formation. Of the 24 16S rDNA sequences obtained f...

Adsorption onto iron oxides can enhance the removal of waterborne viruses in constructed wetlands and soils. If reversible adsorption is not coupled with inactivation, however, infective viruses may be released when changes in solution conditions cause desorption. The goals of this study were to investigate the release of infective bacteriophages MS2 and ΦX174 (two human viral indicators) after...

A fundamental study was carried out on the high-temperature zone flow resistance during iron ore sintering. In present work, firstly, quartz sand was used to replace iron ores to investigate the impact of temperature if bed structure has no change; then a three-layer bed structure was used to explore the primary factors controlling high-temperature zone structure for airflow. The zone where tem...

The replacement of natural resources in the manufacture of cement and sand is the present issue in the present construction scenario. Copper slag and Ground Granulated Blast furnace Slag (GGBS) are industrial by-product materials produced from the process of manufacturing copper and iron. Use of Copper slag and GGBS does not only reduce the cost of construction but also helps to reduce the impa...