We discuss entropy production in nonequilibrium steady states by focusing on paths obtained by sampling at regular (small) intervals, instead of sampling on each change of the system's state. This allows us to directly study entropy production in systems with microscopic irreversibility. The two sampling methods are equivalent otherwise, and the fluctuation theorem also holds for the different ...

This paper develops a model to examine the impacts of uncertainty about crop production and irreversibility of program participation on determining land rental payments and least-cost land retirement targeting in the Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program. Results show that under risk aversion only, the marginal cost of abatement and the average land rental payment are less than those under r...

The ordinary concept of death is analysed and compared with revisionary medical definitions, especially those based on irreversible loss of brain function. Prior critics of revisionary definitions have focused on the locus, the brain; I am concerned with the irreversibility condition. I argue that 1) the irreversibility condition is ambiguous, 2) it has unacceptable epistemic and other conseque...

We report on measurements of the angular dependence of the irreversibility temperature T irr(u) in YBa2Cu3O72d thin films, defined by the onset of a third-harmonic signal and measured by a miniature Hall probe. From the functional form of T irr(u) we conclude that the origin of the irreversibility line in unirradiated films is a dynamic crossover from an unpinned to a pinned vortex liquid. In i...

The entropy generation rate in a laminar flow through a channel filled with saturated porous media is investigated. The upper surface of the channel is adiabatic and the lower wall is assumed to have a constant heat flux. The Brinkman model is employed. Velocity and temperature profiles are obtained for large Darcy number (Da) and used to obtain the entropy generation number and the irreversibi...

Abstract In Newtonian mechanics, time and space are perceived as absolute entities. Einstein’s relativity theory, is frame dependent. Time also affected by gravitational field the varies in space, throughout space. present article, thermodynamic-based investigated. macroscopic view of thermodynamics, energy conserved every system or process. On other hand, exergy (availability) not can be destr...

Motivated by stochastic models of climate phenomena, the steady state of a linear stochastic model with additive Gaussian white noise is studied. Fluctuation theorems for nonequilibrium steady states provide a constraint on the character of these fluctuations. The properties of the fluctuations which are unconstrained by the fluctuation theorem are investigated and related to the model paramete...

Although both time irreversibility (TIR) and amplitude (AIR) are relevant concepts for nonequilibrium analysis, their association has received little attention. This paper describes a systematic comparative analysis of the relationship between TIR AIR based on statistical description numerical simulations. To simplify quantification AIR, permutation global information associated vector combined...