The effect of pentobarbital and hypothermia on the development of ischemic brain edema was studied in 23 rhesus monkeys undergoing transorbital middle cerebral artery occlusion. Fifteen additional animals served as unclipped controls. Regional cortical cerebral blood flow (rCBF), arteriovenous oxygen content difference (AVDO2), and regional cortical metabolic rate of O2 (rCMRO2) were measured h...

The state of water in cerebral ischemia was studied by using the proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) method. Cerebral ischemia was induced experimentally in Mongolian gerbils by unilateral ligation of the common carotid artery. Longitudinal (T1) and transverse (T2) relaxation times of the ischemic brain were measured with a pulse FT-NMR spectrometer and the water content was determined b...

Introduction: Nitric oxide seems to play a dual role in ischemia/reperfusion injury. Few studies have investigated whether it exacerbates or improves brain edema. In the present study, we inhibited the activity of nitric oxide synthase by L-NAME and evaluated the cerebral infarct volume, tissue swelling and brain edema, alongside the measurement of blood flow of the ischemic region. Methods: Tr...

Background: Angiotensin II (Ang II) has an important role on cerebral microcirculation however, its direct roles in terms of ischemic brain edema need to be clarified. This study evaluated the role of central Ang II by using candesartan, as an AT1 receptor blocker, in the brain edema formation and blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption caused by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injuries in rat. Methods...

Tissue water and rCBF from the same area of brain was measured in gerbils with cerebral ischemia. In one experiment we related the severity of ischemia that developed after one hour of carotid occlusion to the amount of edema which formed. In a second experiment brain made ischemic for one hour was reperfused for one hour to assess the effect of reperfusion of ischemic tissue upon edema formati...

Continuous hypertonic saline for hemispheric ischemic infarcts has been routinely used in neurocritical centers the management of malignant cerebral edema. However, data supporting its use are extremely limited. We present a systematic literature review that highlights five studies (one randomized control trial and four retrospective cohort) where effects continuous were studied patients with a...

Hypoxemia is a major comorbid factor for permanent brain damage in several metabolic encephalopathies. To determine whether hypoxia impairs brain adaptation to hyponatremia, worsening brain edema, we performed in vitro and in vivo studies in cats and rats with hyponatremia plus either ischemic or hypoxic hypoxia. Mortality with hypoxic hypoxia was 0%; with hyponatremia, 22%; and with hyponatrem...

To clarify possible roles in the pathogenesis of ischemic brain edema, identification and quantitative analysis of hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs) in rat brains exposed to middle cerebral artery occlusion were carried out using high-performance liquid chromatography. Rat brain sampling was done by in situ freezing 24 and 72 hours after occlusion. Only a small amount of 15-HETE was found ...

background: angiotensin ii (ang ii) has an important role on cerebral microcirculation however, its direct roles in terms of ischemic brain edema need to be clarified. this study evaluated the role of central ang ii by using candesartan, as an at1 receptor blocker, in the brain edema formation and blood-brain barrier (bbb) disruption caused by ischemia/reperfusion (i/r) injuries in rat. methods...