In the premature infant, hypoxic-ischemic damage to the cerebral white matter [periventricular leukomalacia (PVL)] is a common and leading cause of brain injury that often results in chronic neurologic disability from cerebral palsy. The cellular basis for the propensity of white matter injury to occur in the developing brain and the greater resistance of the adult white matter to similar injur...

Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy is a major cause of brain damage in infants, and is associated with periventricular white matter injury and chronic neurological dysfunctions. However, the mechanisms of the chronic white matter injury and reorganization are still unclear. In this study, in vivo diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was employed to evaluate the late changes of white matter micr...

cadasil (cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy) is characterized by a history of migraine headaches (30%-40% of individuals), mid-adult (30s-60s) onset of cerebrovascular disease progressing to dementia, and diffuse white matter lesions and subcortical infarcts on neuroimaging. cadasil is an autosomal dominant disorder whose gene, notch3, is ...

The term 'vascular dementia' (VaD) corresponds to a clinicoradiological syndrome that can be defined with more or less restriction. VaD can result from: (1) cortical or subcortical ischemic lesions related to the occlusion of large vessels, (2) lacunar infarcts with or without white-matter lesions at the subcortical level related to small-vessel diseases, (3) ischemic lesions related to hypoper...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cerebral white matter is as sensitive as gray matter to ischemic injury and is probably amenable to pharmacological intervention. In this study we investigated whether an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist, CNS 1102, protects not only cerebral gray matter but also white matter from ischemic injury. METHODS Ten rats underwent 15 minutes of temporary focal ischemia an...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We investigated the factors influencing inpatient convalescent rehabilitation outcomes in patients with ischemic stroke, particularly severity of leukoaraiosis on magnetic resonance imaging. METHODS Participants included 520 patients with ischemic stroke (317 men and 203 women; mean age, 72.8±8.4 years) who were transferred from acute care hospitals for inpatient conval...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE There is increasing interest in defining stroke lesion volume thresholds to predict poststroke outcome. However, there is a paucity of data on factors that impact the association between critical infarct thresholds volume and outcome. We sought to determine whether lesion thresholds best predicting outcome depend on the degree of preexisting white matter hyperintensity (W...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Although white matter is a potential target of acute stroke therapy, there is uncertainty about its relative resistance to ischemia and whether it is capable of mounting a penumbral response. To explore these issues further, we examined the differential effects of ischemia on gray and white matter using magnetic resonance (MR) perfusion-diffusion mismatch after acute stro...

BACKGROUND The effects of white matter hyperintensity volume and subclinical brain infarcts on the risk of incident stroke, its ischemic subtypes, and mortality require further study in diverse samples. METHODS AND RESULTS Stroke-free participants in the Northern Manhattan Study underwent magnetic resonance imaging (N=1287; mean age 71±9 years, 60% women, 15% non-Hispanic white, 17% non-Hispa...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate focal iron deposition level in the brain in patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease and its correlation with cerebral small vessel disease imaging markers. PATIENTS AND METHODS Seventy-four patients with first-ever transient ischemic attack (median age: 69 years; 30 males and 44 females) and 77 patients with positive ischemic stroke hi...