We show agreements, at one-loop level of field theory, between energies of semiclassical string states on AdS 5 ×S 5 /Z M and anomalous dimensions of operators in N = 0, 1, 2 orbifold field theories originating from N = 4 SYM. On field theory side, one-loop anomalous dimension matrices can be regarded as Hamiltonians of spin chains with twisted boundary conditions. These are solvable by Bethe a...

“equality of genders” is a subject which has occupied the minds of academic society in recent decades. many experts have had had theories on this subject and islamic thinkers have tried to explain justice and equality from the islamic point of view and they have criticized feministic approaches. there have also been researches conducted in this regard. in this article we will briefly review the...

The notion of " Islamic finance " was born during the tumultuous identity-politics years of the mid-twentieth century. Indian, Pakistani, and Arab thinkers contemplated independence from Britain, and independence of Pakistan from India, within a context of " Islamic society. " Islam was assumed to inspire political, economic, and financial systems that are distinctive and independent of the Wes...

From its dramatic rise in the seventh century, Islamic civilization has covered a large part of the globe, incorporating many subcultures and languages into its orbit (http:// www.nlm.nih.gov/hmd/arabic/med_islam.html). Islamic medicine typifies that experience, being built on the theoretical and practical knowledge first developed in Greece and Rome. For Islamic scholars, Galen (d. ca. 210 AD)...

While the practice of Western medicine is known today to doctors of all ethnic and religious groups, its standards are subject to the availability of resources. The medical ethics guiding each doctor is influenced by his/her religious or cultural background or affiliation, and that is where diversity exists. Much has been written about Jewish and Christian medical ethics. Islamic medical ethics...