background: euthanasia is an important subject that concerns law and medicine as well as morality and religion in the 21st century. euthanasia has become a challengeable problem in scientific arena. in some countries,  legal and medical practitioners are allowed to kill those cancer patients who suffer from excessive pain while incur enormous amount of expenses for their treatments. methods: we...

the paper, first, reviews the development of social welfare issue and then investigates how primary welfare policy and social insurance has been formulated and accepted in europe. it is argued that social events which caused by industrialization and urbanization led to formation of social welfare and welfare state. eleven resources, in iran, have been known as welfare approaches and produced sp...

islam spread rapidly after its founding, encompassing much of north africa, the middle east, and southeast asia. the art of this vast region draws its distinctive character both from islam itself and from the diverse cultural traditions of the world’s muslims. because islam discouraged the use of figurative images, particularly in religious contexts- unlike christian art- islamic artists develo...

some islamic traditions have described women as “lacking in intellect”. these traditions have been encountered with various implications and reactions and caused debates in scholarly arenas and many writings have been written concerning this topic. we see three reactions to these traditions: some denied their issuance; some maintained women‘s lack of intellect by accepting those traditions; and...

writing sacred words of a text in the header or along the right margins of documents is of a long tradition in documentation of the iranian islamic period. the present article deals with the time of origin, developmental process, type of words and the name of this tradition. included among other issues covered in this study are the non-iranian origins and the iranian-islamic influence over the ...

Islam spread rapidly after its founding, encompassing much of North Africa, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia. The art of this vast region draws its distinctive character both from Islam itself and from the diverse cultural traditions of the world’s Muslims. Because Islam discouraged the use of figurative images, particularly in religious contexts- unlike Christian art- Islamic artists develo...