Microstimulation within the motor regions of the spinal cord is often assumed to activate motoneurons and propriospinal neurons close to the electrode tip. However, previous work has shown that intraspinal microstimulation (ISMS) in the gray matter activates sensory afferent axons as well as alpha-motoneurons (MNs). Here we report on the recruitment of sensory afferent axons and MNs as ISMS amp...

Die ISO27001:2005 als Informationssicherheitsmanagementsystem (ISMS) etabliert sich zunehmend als der Sicherheitsstandard in Unternehmen. Die Grundidee des ISMS basiert auf einem Management der Informationssicherheit welches ausgerichtet ist auf dem Management der Unternehmensrisiken und einen direkten Bezug zum Firmenumsatz herstellt. Bis September 2009 wurden weltweit mehr als 5822 1 zertifiz...

Providing easy access to the Internet is a prerequisite for successful deployment of Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANET). This paper proposes an Identifiers Separating and Mapping Scheme (ISMS) based Internet access solution for MANET, called ISMSMANET. Firstly, ISMS, which is a candidate for the future Interne architecture, is briefly described. Then, how the Ad hoc OnDemand Distance Vector (AODV) ...

Assembling an Information Security Management System (ISMS) according to the ISO 27001 standard is difficult, because the standard provides only very sparse support for system development and documentation. Assembling an ISMS consists of several difficult tasks, e.g., asset identification, threat and risk analysis and security reasoning. Moreover, the standard demands consideration of laws and ...

OBJECTIVE Intraspinal microstimulation (ISMS) is a promising method for activating the spinal cord distal to an injury. The objectives of this study were to examine the ability of chronically implanted stimulating wires within the cervical spinal cord to (1) directly produce forelimb movements, and (2) assess whether ISMS stimulation could improve subsequent volitional control of paretic extrem...

Established standards on security and risk management provide guidelines and advice to organizations and other stakeholders on how to fulfill their security needs. However, realizing and ensuring compliance with such standards may be challenging. This is partly because the descriptions are very generic and have to be refined and interpreted by security experts, and partly because they lack tech...

The ISO 27001 standard specifies an information security management system (ISMS) as a means to implement security best practices for IT systems. Organisations that implement an ISMS typically experience various challenges such as enforcing a common vocabulary, limiting human errors and integrating existing management tools and security mechanisms. However, ISO 27001 does not provide guidance o...

Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) aim at ensuring proper protection of information values and information processing systems (i.e. assets). Information Security Risk Management (ISRM) techniques are incorporated to deal with threats and vulnerabilities that impose risks to information security properties of these assets. Considering the evolution of information systems as well as m...

To date, there is no effective therapy for spinal cord injury, and many patients could benefit dramatically from at least partial restoration of arm and hand function. Despite a substantial body of research investigating intraspinal microstimulation (ISMS) in frogs, rodents and cats, little is known about upper-limb responses to cervical stimulation in the primate. Here, we show for the first t...

Gaunt, R. A., A. Prochazka, V. K. Mushahwar, L. Guevremont, and P. H. Ellaway. Intraspinal microstimulation excites multisegmental sensory afferents at lower stimulus levels than local -motoneuron responses. J Neurophysiol 96: 2995–3005, 2006. First published August 30, 2006; doi:10.1152/jn.00061.2006. Microstimulation within the motor regions of the spinal cord is often assumed to activate mot...