BACKGROUND Cesarean scar syndrome results from a postoperative defect of the uterine isthmus, also known as an isthmocele. Patients present with gynecological symptoms, such as abnormal genital bleeding or infertility, after cesarean delivery. Although the cesarean rate is increasing worldwide, this syndrome is not widely known. CASE PRESENTATION A 43-year-old G2P1 Japanese woman with atypica...

Objective Isthmoceles have been described as complications associated to caesarean section (CS). Only symptomatic isthmoceles should be treated. The main symptoms are abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) in abscense of any other causes, pelvic pain and secondary infertility. There are several techniques described for the correction of isthmoceles. Isthmoplasty can be performed by hysteroscopy, lapar...