The active imperative sentences often tend to sound harsh. sentence has a commanding meaning and ends with an exclamation mark. In the Indonesian language, be more polite, uses word politeness different structure. These polite are called passive sentences. Changing can done mathematically through several stages. stages determining set of word, types, using binary operations obtain rules for cha...

Sentences such as "The ship was sunk to collect the insurance" exhibit an unusual form of anaphora, implicit control, where neither anaphor nor antecedent is audible. The non-finite reason clause has an understood subject, PRO, that is anaphoric; here it may be understood as naming the agent of the event of the host clause. Yet since the host is a short passive, this agent is realized by no aud...

Although by 3or 4-years of age, children are remarkably good at understanding most sentences, many studies have shown that even 5and 6-year old children have difficulty understanding some types of sentences. The reason(s) why are unclear in large part because we know little about how children process sentences. To investigate how children process the sentences, we collected accuracy, reaction t...

A connectionist-inspired, parallel processing network is presented which learns, on the basis of (relevantly) sparse input, to assign meaning interpretations to novel test sentences in both active and passive voice. Training and test sentences are generated from a simple recursive grammar, but once trained, the network successfully processes thousands of sentences containing deeply embedded cla...

Research into agrammatic comprehension in English has described a pattern of impaired understanding of passives and retained ability on active constructions. Some accounts of this dissociation predict that patients who are unable to comprehend actives will also be impaired in the comprehension of passives. We report the case of a man with primary progressive aphasia (PPA) (WR), whose comprehens...

The current work investigates the effect of context on the neural representation of concepts, measured by MEG during reading of sentences in active and passive voice. Two approaches to incorporating context are proposed − one by including estimates of the functional connectivity of the MEG sensors, and the other by creating a joint representation of the sentences using an HMM. The suggested met...

BACKGROUND Cerebrovascular disease leading to stroke is the most common cause of aphasia. Speakers with agrammatic non-fluent aphasia have difficulties in production of movement-derived sentences such as passive sentences, topicalized constituents, and Wh-questions. To assess the production of complex sentences, some passive, topicalized and focused sentences were designed for patients with non...